---
title: empress — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «empress» in the school dictionary: An empress is a woman who rules an empire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# empress

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** empress, woman, Wu, emperor, them · **What happens:** be, rule, call, wear, greet, love · **To what, where:** woman, wife, Catherine Empress, Queen, only woman, China · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«empress» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [empress in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/empress.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An empress is a woman who rules an empire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:m1:1
# text = An empress is a woman who rules an empire.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a empress | a woman and rules |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | a woman and rules |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An empress is the wife of an emperor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:m2:1
# text = An empress is the wife of an emperor.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a empress | the wife |  |  |  | of a emperor | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catherine the Great was Empress of Russia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x1:1
# text = Catherine the Great was Empress of Russia.
1	Catherine	Catherine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Empress	Empress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Catherine Empress |  |  |  | of Russia | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Queen Victoria was also called Empress of India.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x2:1
# text = Queen Victoria was also called Empress of India.
1	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Victoria	Victoria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Empress	Empress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | Queen |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wu Zetian was the only woman to rule China as empress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x3:1
# text = Wu Zetian was the only woman to rule China as empress.
1	Wu	Wu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Zetian	Zetian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Wu | the only woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | to-infinitive |  | China |  |  |  | as empress | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent china=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empress wore a gold crown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x4:1
# text = The empress wore a gold crown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the empress | a gold crown |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor and the empress greeted the visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x5:1
# text = The emperor and the empress greeted the visitors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	greeted	greet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **greet** *speech: greet* | past | the emperor and the empress |  | the visitors |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the empress loved nightingales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x6:1
# text = In the story, the empress loved nightingales.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	nightingales	nightingale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | the empress | nightingales |  | the story |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nightingale=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Let them take their silliness home,’ said the empress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empress:x7:1
# text = ‘Let them take their silliness home,’ said the empress.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	silliness	silliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	home	home	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | their silliness |  |  |  | home *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silliness=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the empress |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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