---
title: enamel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «enamel» in the school dictionary: The hard, white, shiny outer layer of your teeth that protects them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# enamel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** teeth, something, Enamel, Sugary drinks, Fluoride toothpaste, Acid · **What happens:** protect, melt, type, mean, cover, be · **To what, where:** teeth, hard shiny coating, metal, glossy paint, it, hard white layer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«enamel» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [enamel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/enamel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hard, white, shiny outer layer of your teeth that protects them.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:m1:1
# text = The hard, white, shiny outer layer of your teeth that protects them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | your teeth | teeth *= tooth* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard, shiny coating like glass, melted onto metal or pottery, like an enamel mug or a badge.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:m2:1
# text = A hard, shiny coating like glass, melted onto metal or pottery, like an enamel mug or a badge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pottery	pottery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | participle |  | a hard shiny coating like glass *not said here* |  | metal or pottery and a enamel mug or a badge |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A type of glossy paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:m3:1
# text = A type of glossy paint.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	glossy	glossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **type** |  |  | glossy paint |  |  |  |  | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To enamel something means to cover it with a hard, shiny coating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:m4:1
# text = To enamel something means to cover it with a hard, shiny coating.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | with a hard shiny coating | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with coating=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enamel is the hard white layer on your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x1:1
# text = Enamel is the hard white layer on your teeth.
1	Enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Enamel | the hard white layer |  | your teeth |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugary drinks can damage your tooth enamel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x2:1
# text = Sugary drinks can damage your tooth enamel.
1	Sugary	sugary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | Sugary drinks | your tooth enamel |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument enamel=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fluoride toothpaste makes enamel stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x3:1
# text = Fluoride toothpaste makes enamel stronger.
1	Fluoride	fluoride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toothpaste	toothpaste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Fluoride toothpaste | enamel |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset enamel=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa drinks tea from a chipped enamel mug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x4:1
# text = Grandpa drinks tea from a chipped enamel mug.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	chipped	chip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The badge was made of colourful enamel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x5:1
# text = The badge was made of colourful enamel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the badge |  |  |  | of colourful enamel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enamel is the hardest part of the human body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x6:1
# text = Enamel is the hardest part of the human body.
1	Enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hardest	hard	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Enamel | the hardest part |  |  |  | of the human body | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acid from cola can soften enamel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x7:1
# text = Acid from cola can soften enamel.
1	Acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	cola	cola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	soften	soften	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soften** | can | Acid from cola | enamel |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent enamel=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once enamel is gone, it doesn't grow back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x8:1
# text = Once enamel is gone, it doesn't grow back.
1	Once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	enamel	enamel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | enamel |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **grow back** | present · do-support | enamel |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘We will try it,’ said Manawyddan, and they began to make shields, and fashioned them after the shape of the shields they had seen; and these likewise they enamelled.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enamel:x9:1
# text = ‘We will try it,’ said Manawyddan, and they began to make shields, and fashioned them after the shape of the shields they had seen; and these likewise they enamelled.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Manawyddan	Manawyddan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
21	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	35	nsubj	_	_
33	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	enamelled	enamell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | future | We | it |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Manawyddan |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **begin** | past | they | fashioned |  |  | after the shape of the shields |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* | shields |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shield=Product |
| 5 | **see** | past · perfect | shields *= shield* | the shields *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shield=Stimulus |
| 6 | **enamell** | past | these |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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