---
title: encircle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encircle» in the school dictionary: To encircle something is to form a circle round it or surround it on all sides. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encircle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nobody, ring, Mountains, children, you, army · **What happens:** encircle, be, surround, get, hear, draw · **To what, where:** something, circle, sides, place, war, pond

<!-- .vabout -->
«encircle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encircle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encircle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encircle something is to form a circle round it or surround it on all sides.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:m1:1
# text = To encircle something is to form a circle round it or surround it on all sides.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encircle	encircle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	form	form	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	round	round	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	surround	surround	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | round circle; form *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **surround** | infinitive |  | circle |  | all sides |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encircle a place in war is to surround it so nobody can get in or out.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:m2:1
# text = To encircle a place in war is to surround it so nobody can get in or out.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encircle	encircle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	surround	surround	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	out	out	ADV	RB	_	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | to-infinitive |  | a place |  | war |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme place=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | surround *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | can | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ring of trees encircled the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x1:1
# text = A ring of trees encircled the pond.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | a ring of trees | the pond |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pond=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mountains encircle the little village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x2:1
# text = Mountains encircle the little village.
1	Mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encircle	encircle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | present | Mountains | the little village |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme village=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children encircled the teacher to hear the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x3:1
# text = The children encircled the teacher to hear the story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | the children | the teacher |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme teacher=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | to-infinitive | the children *not said here* | the story |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a line to encircle the correct answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x4:1
# text = Draw a line to encircle the correct answer.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	encircle	encircle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a line |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |
| 2 | **encircle** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the correct answer |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme answer=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army encircled the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x5:1
# text = The army encircled the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | the army | the city |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme city=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wall encircles the old town of York.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x6:1
# text = A wall encircles the old town of York.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircles	encircle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | present | a wall | the old town of York |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Near the grass-covered rampart which encircles Copenhagen lies a great red house.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircle:x7:1
# text = Near the grass-covered rampart which encircles Copenhagen lies a great red house.
1	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	rampart	rampart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	encircles	encircle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	Copenhagen	Copenhagen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **encircle** | present | the covered rampart | Copenhagen |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme copenhagen=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **lie** | present | a great red house |  |  | the covered rampart |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near rampart=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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