---
title: encircled — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encircled» in the school dictionary: Formed a circle around something or someone; surrounded. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encircled

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** city, Tall trees, children, deep moat, army, Circle answer · **What happens:** form, surround, not escape, encircle, sing, put · **To what, where:** circle, something, army, quiet lake, birthday girl, castle

<!-- .vabout -->
«encircled» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encircled in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encircled.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Formed a circle around something or someone; surrounded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:m1:1
# text = Formed a circle around something or someone; surrounded.
1	Formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past |  | a circle |  | something |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location circle=Theme |
| 2 | **surround** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in war — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surrounded an army or city so it could not escape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:m2:1
# text = Surrounded an army or city so it could not escape.
1	Surrounded	surround	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | past |  | a army or city |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme army=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **not** **escape** | could | city |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tall trees encircled the quiet lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x1:1
# text = Tall trees encircled the quiet lake.
1	Tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | Tall trees | the quiet lake |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lake=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children encircled the birthday girl and sang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x2:1
# text = The children encircled the birthday girl and sang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | the children | the birthday girl |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme girl=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was encircled by a deep moat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x3:1
# text = The castle was encircled by a deep moat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	moat	moat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past · passive | a deep moat | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army encircled the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x4:1
# text = The army encircled the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | the army | the city |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme city=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circle the answer: put a ring round it so it is encircled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x5:1
# text = Circle the answer: put a ring round it so it is encircled.
1	Circle	Circle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | infinitive | the Circle answer *not said here* | a ring |  |  |  | round ring | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent ring=Goal |
| 2 | **encircle** | present · passive |  | ring |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ring of light encircled the moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x6:1
# text = A ring of light encircled the moon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | a ring of light | the moon |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme moon=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharks encircled the small boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x7:1
# text = Sharks encircled the small boat.
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | past | Sharks | the small boat |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme boat=Co-Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head is frequently encircled with a wreath of oak-leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encircled:x8:1
# text = The head is frequently encircled with a wreath of oak-leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wreath	wreath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encircle** | present · passive |  | the head |  |  |  | with a wreath of oak leaves; frequently *property* | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with wreath=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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