---
title: encourage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encourage» in the school dictionary: To encourage someone is to give them hope, confidence or support so they keep trying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encourage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hope, teacher, We, Mum, me, Warm weather · **What happens:** encourage, be, keep, try, happen, grow · **To what, where:** someone, them, something, me, runners, new food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«encourage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encourage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encourage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encourage someone is to give them hope, confidence or support so they keep trying.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:m1:1
# text = To encourage someone is to give them hope, confidence or support so they keep trying.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
16	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | present | hope |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | hope *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encourage something is to help it happen or grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:m2:1
# text = To encourage something is to help it happen or grow.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | help *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **grow** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My teacher encouraged me to read more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x1:1
# text = My teacher encouraged me to read more.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | past | My teacher | me |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | My teacher *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cheered to encourage the runners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x2:1
# text = We cheered to encourage the runners.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **encourage** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the runners |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum encourages me to try new food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x3:1
# text = Mum encourages me to try new food.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encourages	encourage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | present | Mum | me |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | me *not said here* | new food |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warm weather encourages plants to grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x4:1
# text = Warm weather encourages plants to grow.
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encourages	encourage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | present | Warm weather | plants |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Warm weather *not said here* | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her kind words were very encouraging.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x5:1
# text = Her kind words were very encouraging.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	encouraging	encourage	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | past · progressive | Her kind words |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **word** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Encourage your friends when they find things hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x6:1
# text = Encourage your friends when they find things hard.
1	Encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | imperative | you *not said here* | your friends |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present | friends *= friend* | things |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach encouraged us to keep trying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x7:1
# text = The coach encouraged us to keep trying.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | past | the coach | us |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** | gerund | the coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young man, thus encouraged, began his tale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encourage:x8:1
# text = The young man, thus encouraged, began his tale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | participle |  | the young man *not said here* |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the young man | man's tale |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Eventuality |
| 3 | **tell** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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