---
title: encouragement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encouragement» in the school dictionary: Encouragement is words or actions that give someone confidence and hope to keep going or try something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encouragement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Encouragement words, Encouragement, something, crowd, Tom, me · **What happens:** be, give, hope, keep, go, try · **To what, where:** Encouragement words, someone confidence, something, encouragement, runners, pool · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«encouragement» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encouragement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encouragement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Encouragement is words or actions that give someone confidence and hope to keep going or try something.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:m1:1
# text = Encouragement is words or actions that give someone confidence and hope to keep going or try something.
1	Encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	compound	_	_
9	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hope	hope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
17	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Encouragement words or actions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | Encouragement words or actions | someone confidence |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Theme |
| 3 | **hope** | present | Encouragement words or actions *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Encouragement words or actions *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | gerund | Encouragement words or actions *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **try** | infinitive | Encouragement words or actions *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Encouragement can also mean making something more likely to happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:m2:1
# text = Encouragement can also mean making something more likely to happen.
1	Encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Encouragement |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | gerund | Encouragement *not said here* | something |  |  |  | likely *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 3 | **happen** | to-infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd shouted encouragement to the runners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x1:1
# text = The crowd shouted encouragement to the runners.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the crowd | encouragement | the runners |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent encouragement=Topic to runner=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With a little encouragement, Tom jumped into the pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x2:1
# text = With a little encouragement, Tom jumped into the pool.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | Tom |  |  |  |  | into the pool *result*; with a little encouragement | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into pool=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My teacher's encouragement helped me finish the hard sum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x3:1
# text = My teacher's encouragement helped me finish the hard sum.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | My teacher's encouragement | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **finish** | infinitive | me *not said here* | the hard sum |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sum=Eventuality |
| 3 | **encourage** |  | My teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom encouragement «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wrote a note of encouragement to her friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x4:1
# text = She wrote a note of encouragement to her friend.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | She | a note of encouragement | her friend |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent note=Topic to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **note** |  |  | encouragement |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A smile can be a kind of encouragement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x5:1
# text = A smile can be a kind of encouragement.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a smile | a kind |  |  |  | of encouragement | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks for the encouragement; I'll try again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x6:1
# text = Thanks for the encouragement; I'll try again.
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	discourse	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | future | I |  |  |  | again |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plants grew well with a bit of encouragement from the sun and water.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x7:1
# text = The plants grew well with a bit of encouragement from the sun and water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the plants |  |  |  |  | with a bit of encouragement; from the sun and water; well *property* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from sun=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘When anyone is as beautiful as you,’ said the shirt-collar, ‘is not that encouragement enough?’

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encouragement:x8:1
# text = ‘When anyone is as beautiful as you,’ said the shirt-collar, ‘is not that encouragement enough?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
3	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	collar	collar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	‘	‘	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
22	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | anyone |  |  |  |  | as you; beautiful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the shirt collar |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent collar=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | ‘ | that encouragement |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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