---
title: encroachment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encroachment» in the school dictionary: Slowly going into a place, time or right that belongs to someone else, a little at a time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encroachment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** right, sea, encroachment, Towns, new fence, Desert encroachment · **What happens:** go, belong, use, spread, eat away, encroach · **To what, where:** place, land, animals, forests, encroachment, garden

<!-- .vabout -->
«encroachment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encroachment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encroachment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slowly going into a place, time or right that belongs to someone else, a little at a time.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:m1:1
# text = Slowly going into a place, time or right that belongs to someone else, a little at a time.
1	Slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obl	_	_
14	else	else	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | a place and time or right |  | slowly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into place=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **belong** | present | right |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Building or using land beyond your boundary onto someone else's land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:m2:1
# text = Building or using land beyond your boundary onto someone else's land.
1	Building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	boundary	boundary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | land |  | someone's land |  | beyond your boundary | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: nature — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sea, a desert or towns slowly spreading over land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:m3:1
# text = The sea, a desert or towns slowly spreading over land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | gerund | the sea |  |  | land |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over land=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The encroachment of the sea is eating away the cliffs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x1:1
# text = The encroachment of the sea is eating away the cliffs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat away** | present · progressive | the encroachment of the sea |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **encroach** |  | the sea |  |  |  |  |  | nom encroachment «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Towns' encroachment on forests leaves animals with less space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x2:1
# text = Towns' encroachment on forests leaves animals with less space.
1	Towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | Towns's encroachment on forests |  | animals |  |  | with less space | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient with space=Theme |
| 2 | **encroach** |  | Towns |  |  | forests |  |  | nom encroachment «event intransitive»: poss=agent on=place |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The neighbour's new fence was an encroachment on our garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x3:1
# text = The neighbour's new fence was an encroachment on our garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the neighbour's new fence | a encroachment |  | our garden |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Desert encroachment makes farming harder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x4:1
# text = Desert encroachment makes farming harder.
1	Desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Desert encroachment | farming |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset farming=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People protested against the encroachment on their rights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x5:1
# text = People protested against the encroachment on their rights.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protested	protest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protest** *speech: disagree* | past | People |  |  | People's rights |  | against the encroachment | vn rebel-71.2-2 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent against encroachment=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rising water caused the encroachment of salt into farmland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encroachment:x6:1
# text = Rising water caused the encroachment of salt into farmland.
1	Rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	farmland	farmland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Rising water | the encroachment of salt |  | farmland |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition encroachment=Patient |
| 3 | **encroach** |  | salt |  |  |  |  |  | nom encroachment «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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