---
title: encumber — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «encumber» in the school dictionary: To encumber someone is to weigh them down or slow them with too much to carry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# encumber

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** room, you · **What happens:** encumber, be, slow, carry, move, not encumber · **To what, where:** someone, them, place, yourself, shore

<!-- .vabout -->
«encumber» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [encumber in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/encumber.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encumber someone is to weigh them down or slow them with too much to carry.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encumber:m1:1
# text = To encumber someone is to weigh them down or slow them with too much to carry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encumber	encumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	weigh	weigh	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	slow	slow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	too	too	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encumber** | to-infinitive |  |  | someone |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | weigh *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **slow** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | with much | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with much=Instrument |
| 4 | **carry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To encumber a place is to fill it so there is not room to move.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encumber:m2:1
# text = To encumber a place is to fill it so there is not room to move.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	encumber	encumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encumber** | to-infinitive |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme place=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fill *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | present | room |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | to-infinitive | room *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are wise, you will not encumber yourself with more than thirty.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encumber:x1:1
# text = If you are wise, you will not encumber yourself with more than thirty.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	encumber	encumber	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	14	advmod	_	_
13	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **encumber** | future | you | yourself |  |  |  | with thirty | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent yourself=Recipient with thirty=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shore was encumbered with fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:encumber:x2:1
# text = The shore was encumbered with fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	encumbered	encumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encumber** | past · passive |  | the shore |  |  |  | with fish | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with fish=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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