---
title: endearment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «endearment» in the school dictionary: An endearment is a loving word or name you call someone, like «love», «sweetheart», «darling» or «pet». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# endearment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** endearment, you, act, Sweetheart, Nan, duck · **What happens:** be, call, show, hear, say · **To what, where:** loving word, someone, act, love, term, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«endearment» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [endearment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/endearment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An endearment is a loving word or name you call someone, like «love», «sweetheart», «darling» or «pet».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:m1:1
# text = An endearment is a loving word or name you call someone, like «love», «sweetheart», «darling» or «pet».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	darling	darling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a endearment | a loving word or name or pet |  |  |  | sweetheart *nmod*; darling *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present | you |  | someone |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Endearment is the act of showing love or affection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:m2:1
# text = Endearment is the act of showing love or affection.
1	Endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Endearment | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | the act *not said here* | love or affection |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sweetheart» is a term of endearment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x1:1
# text = «Sweetheart» is a term of endearment.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sweetheart | a term |  |  |  | of endearment | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nan calls me «duck», which is an endearment in her part of England.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x2:1
# text = Nan calls me «duck», which is an endearment in her part of England.
1	Nan	Nan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Nan |  | me |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | duck and a endearment | a endearment |  | Nan's part of England |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Scotland you might hear «hen» as an endearment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x3:1
# text = In Scotland you might hear «hen» as an endearment.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | might | you | hen |  | Scotland |  | as a endearment | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer hen=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus driver said «Thanks, love» — just a friendly endearment.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x4:1
# text = The bus driver said «Thanks, love» — just a friendly endearment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the bus driver |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter was full of endearments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x5:1
# text = The letter was full of endearments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	endearments	endearment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the letter |  |  |  |  | of endearments; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pet names like «sunshine» are endearments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endearment:x6:1
# text = Pet names like «sunshine» are endearments.
1	Pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	endearments	endearment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pet names like sunshine | endearments |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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