---
title: endurance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «endurance» in the school dictionary: The ability to keep going through something long, hard or painful without giving up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# endurance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Running, crew, Swimming, long car journey, pain, Endurance · **What happens:** keep, go, give up, keep up, last, break · **To what, where:** something, physical effort, marathon, great endurance, amazing endurance, ice

<!-- .vabout -->
«endurance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [endurance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/endurance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability to keep going through something long, hard or painful without giving up.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:m1:1
# text = The ability to keep going through something long, hard or painful without giving up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through something=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **give up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability to keep up physical effort for a long time; stamina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:m2:1
# text = The ability to keep up physical effort for a long time; stamina.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep up** | to-infinitive |  | physical effort |  |  | time |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent effort=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability of something to last for a long time without breaking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:m3:1
# text = The ability of something to last for a long time without breaking.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running a marathon takes great endurance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x1:1
# text = Running a marathon takes great endurance.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	marathon	marathon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  | a marathon |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme marathon=Trajectory |
| 2 | **take** | present | Running | great endurance |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent endurance=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shackleton's crew showed amazing endurance on the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x2:1
# text = Shackleton's crew showed amazing endurance on the ice.
1	Shackleton	Shackleton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Shackleton's crew | amazing endurance |  | the ice |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent endurance=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming helps build endurance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x3:1
# text = Swimming helps build endurance.
1	Swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Swimming |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Swimming *not said here* | endurance |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset endurance=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The long car journey was a test of endurance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x4:1
# text = The long car journey was a test of endurance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the long car journey | a test |  |  |  | of endurance | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pain was beyond endurance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x5:1
# text = The pain was beyond endurance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the pain |  |  |  |  | beyond endurance | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rope's endurance was tested by the heavy boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x6:1
# text = The rope's endurance was tested by the heavy boat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past · passive |  | the rope's endurance |  |  |  | by the heavy boat | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Endurance means not giving up when things get hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x7:1
# text = Endurance means not giving up when things get hard.
1	Endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Endurance |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **give up** *not said to happen* | gerund | Endurance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | present | things |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endurance:x8:1
# text = But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	Petru	Petru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	coward	coward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Petru | no coward |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go through** | past · perfect | the fight |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **strengthen** | past · perfect · passive |  | no coward |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | past | Petru | the test |  |  |  | bravely *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer test=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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