---
title: endure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «endure» in the school dictionary: To endure is to bear or suffer something hard or painful without giving up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# endure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** explorers, She, friendship, Love, Bible, I · **What happens:** endure, be, suffer, give up, say, not endure · **To what, where:** something, terrible cold, pain, things, boring film, Pyramids · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«endure» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [endure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/endure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To endure is to bear or suffer something hard or painful without giving up.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:m1:1
# text = To endure is to bear or suffer something hard or painful without giving up.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	endure	endure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | bear *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **suffer** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **give up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To endure is to last for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:m2:1
# text = To endure is to last for a long time.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	endure	endure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | time | last *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers endured terrible cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x1:1
# text = The explorers endured terrible cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	endured	endure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | past | the explorers | terrible cold |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cold=Circumstance |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She endured the pain bravely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x2:1
# text = She endured the pain bravely.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	endured	endure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | past | She | the pain |  |  |  | bravely *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pain=Circumstance |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their friendship endured for life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x3:1
# text = Their friendship endured for life.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	endured	endure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | past | Their friendship |  |  |  |  | for life | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Love endures all things, the Bible says.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x4:1
# text = Love endures all things, the Bible says.
1	Love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	endures	endure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | present | Love | all things |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thing=Circumstance |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I couldn't endure another boring film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x5:1
# text = I couldn't endure another boring film.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	endure	endure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **endure** | could | I | another boring film |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme film=Circumstance |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pyramids have endured for thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x6:1
# text = Pyramids have endured for thousands of years.
1	Pyramids	pyramid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	endured	endure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endure** | present · perfect · passive |  | Pyramids |  |  |  | for thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Circumstance |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poor things had to endure cold and hunger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:endure:x7:1
# text = The poor things had to endure cold and hunger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	endure	endure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the poor things |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **endure** | to-infinitive | the poor things *not said here* | cold and hunger |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cold=Circumstance |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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