---
title: engraved — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «engraved» in the school dictionary: Cut or carved into a hard surface such as metal, stone, glass or wood: «His name was engraved on the cup.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# engraved

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, His, my, winner, watch, he · **What happens:** cut, carve, engrave, name, fix, mind · **To what, where:** hard surface, name, cup, memory, mind, cut metal plate

<!-- .vabout -->
«engraved» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [engraved in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/engraved.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut or carved into a hard surface such as metal, stone, glass or wood: «His name was engraved on the cup.».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:m1:1
# text = Cut or carved into a hard surface such as metal, stone, glass or wood: «His name was engraved on the cup.».
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **carve** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | a hard surface such metal and stone and glass or wood |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **engrave** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | His name |  | the cup |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on cup=Destination |
| 4 | **name** *in a quote* |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fixed firmly in your memory: «The day is engraved on my mind.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:m2:1
# text = Fixed firmly in your memory: «The day is engraved on my mind.».
1	Fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  | your memory |  | firmly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **engrave** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | your memory *not said here* |  | my mind | day |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: on mind=Destination |
| 3 | **mind** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Printed from a cut metal plate (an engraving).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:m3:1
# text = Printed from a cut metal plate (an engraving).
1	Printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	cut	cut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	engraving	engraving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | participle |  |  |  | a cut metal plate |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The winner's name was engraved on the trophy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x1:1
# text = The winner's name was engraved on the trophy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trophy	trophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | past · passive |  | the winner's name |  | the trophy |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on trophy=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | the winner |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her watch had a message engraved on the back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x2:1
# text = Her watch had a message engraved on the back.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Her watch | a message |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Patient |
| 2 | **engrave** | participle |  | a message *not said here* |  | the back |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on back=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The date was engraved on the stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x3:1
# text = The date was engraved on the stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | past · passive |  | the date |  | the stone |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on stone=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The silver cup was engraved with the school badge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x4:1
# text = The silver cup was engraved with the school badge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | past · passive |  | the silver cup |  |  |  | with the school badge | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with badge=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That sunny day is engraved in my memory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x5:1
# text = That sunny day is engraved in my memory.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | present · passive |  |  |  | my memory | day |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: in memory=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old map was engraved on copper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x6:1
# text = The old map was engraved on copper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | past · passive |  | the old map |  | copper |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on copper=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somewhere about him he has hidden a stone, on which are engraved strange signs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engraved:x7:1
# text = Somewhere about him he has hidden a stone, on which are engraved strange signs.
1	Somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	engraved	engrave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
14	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present · perfect | he | a stone |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient |
| 2 | **engrave** | present · passive | he *not said here* | strange signs |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: sign=Theme on which=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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