---
title: engulf — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «engulf» in the school dictionary: To engulf something is to cover or surround it completely, like a wave, flames or fog swallowing it up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# engulf

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fog, feeling, Panic, Flames, huge wave, Thick fog · **What happens:** engulf, be, surround, swallow up, fill, die · **To what, where:** something, it, fog, you, him, old barn · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«engulf» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [engulf in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/engulf.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To engulf something is to cover or surround it completely, like a wave, flames or fog swallowing it up.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:m1:1
# text = To engulf something is to cover or surround it completely, like a wave, flames or fog swallowing it up.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	engulf	engulf	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	surround	surround	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	swallowing	swallow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cover *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **surround** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | like a wave and flames or fog; completely *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **swallow up** | gerund | fog *not said here* | fog |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a feeling engulfs you, it suddenly fills you completely: «Panic engulfed him».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:m2:1
# text = If a feeling engulfs you, it suddenly fills you completely: «Panic engulfed him».
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	engulfs	engulf	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	fills	fill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Panic	Panic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a feeling | you |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme you=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | present | feeling | you |  |  |  | completely, suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **engulf** *in a quote* | past | Panic | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flames engulfed the old barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x1:1
# text = Flames engulfed the old barn.
1	Flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | past | Flames | the old barn |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme barn=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge wave engulfed the sandcastle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x2:1
# text = A huge wave engulfed the sandcastle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sandcastle	sandcastle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | participle | a huge wave *not said here* | the sandcastle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sandcastle=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick fog engulfed the town overnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x3:1
# text = Thick fog engulfed the town overnight.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | past | Thick fog | the town |  |  |  | overnight *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava from the volcano engulfed the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x4:1
# text = Lava from the volcano engulfed the village.
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | past | Lava from the volcano | the village |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme village=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wave of sadness engulfed her when her dog died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x5:1
# text = A wave of sadness engulfed her when her dog died.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | past | a wave of sadness | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **die** | past | wave's dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **wave** |  |  | sadness |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
White blood cells engulf germs and destroy them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x6:1
# text = White blood cells engulf germs and destroy them.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	engulf	engulf	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | present | White blood cells | germs |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme germ=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **destroy** | infinitive | White blood cells *not said here* | germs *= germ* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd engulfed the singer as she left the stage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:engulf:x7:1
# text = The crowd engulfed the singer as she left the stage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	engulfed	engulf	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engulf** | past | the crowd | the singer |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme singer=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past | crowd | the stage |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stage=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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