---
title: enjoining — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «enjoining» in the school dictionary: Enjoining is ordering or strongly urging someone to do something (formal). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# enjoining

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** court, poster, preacher, Signs, letter, headteacher · **What happens:** enjoin, order, urge, do, be, forbid · **To what, where:** someone, something, court, everyone, hands, sermon

<!-- .vabout -->
«enjoining» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [enjoining in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/enjoining.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enjoining is ordering or strongly urging someone to do something (formal).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:m1:1
# text = Enjoining is ordering or strongly urging someone to do something (formal).
1	Enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	ordering	order	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	urging	urge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **order** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **urge** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  | strongly *property* | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enjoining is a court forbidding someone to do something by an official order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:m2:1
# text = Enjoining is a court forbidding someone to do something by an official order.
1	Enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	forbidding	forbid	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a court |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **forbid** | gerund | a court *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive | a court *not said here* | something |  |  |  | by a official order | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poster was enjoining everyone to wash their hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x1:1
# text = The poster was enjoining everyone to wash their hands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	wash	wash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | past · progressive | the poster | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wash** | to-infinitive | the poster *not said here* | their hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The preacher spent the sermon enjoining us to forgive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x2:1
# text = The preacher spent the sermon enjoining us to forgive.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	preacher	preacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sermon	sermon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the preacher | the sermon |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sermon=Asset |
| 2 | **enjoin** | gerund | the preacher *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **forgive** | to-infinitive | the preacher *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A court is enjoining the firm from building on the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x3:1
# text = A court is enjoining the firm from building on the field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	firm	firm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | present · progressive | a court | the firm |  | building on the field |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Signs enjoining silence hung in the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x4:1
# text = Signs enjoining silence hung in the library.
1	Signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | gerund | Signs *not said here* | silence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hang** | participle |  | silence *not said here* |  | the library |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in library=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The headteacher's letter, enjoining parents to read with their children, went home on Friday.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x5:1
# text = The headteacher's letter, enjoining parents to read with their children, went home on Friday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	headteacher	headteacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	home	home	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoin** | gerund | the headteacher's letter *not said here* | parents |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | the headteacher's letter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with parents's children | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** | past | the headteacher's letter |  |  |  | friday | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **letter** |  | the headteacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge is considering enjoining the sale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enjoining:x6:1
# text = The judge is considering enjoining the sale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	considering	consider	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	enjoining	enjoin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | present · progressive | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **enjoin** | gerund | the judge *not said here* | the sale |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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