---
title: enlightenment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «enlightenment» in the school dictionary: The state of understanding something clearly after it was puzzling; gaining knowledge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# enlightenment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, thinkers, time, Buddhists, I, Enlightenment · **What happens:** understand, puzzle, gain, say, use, believe · **To what, where:** something, people, reason, perfect understanding, Buddhism, time · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«enlightenment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [enlightenment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/enlightenment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of understanding something clearly after it was puzzling; gaining knowledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:m1:1
# text = The state of understanding something clearly after it was puzzling; gaining knowledge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	puzzling	puzzle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	gaining	gain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | gerund | the state  gaining knowledge *not said here* | something |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **puzzle** | past · progressive | state |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **gain** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Enlightenment: a time in Europe in the 1700s when thinkers said people should use reason, science and evidence and question old ideas.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:m2:1
# text = The Enlightenment: a time in Europe in the 1700s when thinkers said people should use reason, science and evidence and question old ideas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	1700s	1700	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
17	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | thinkers | people |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | should | a time in Europe in the 1700s | reason  old ideas and science and evidence and question |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Buddhism, a state of perfect understanding and peace that Buddhists believe the Buddha reached.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:m3:1
# text = In Buddhism, a state of perfect understanding and peace that Buddhists believe the Buddha reached.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Buddhists | perfect understanding and peace |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme buddha=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reach** | past | a state of perfect understanding and peace |  |  | Buddhism |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the teacher's diagram, I felt a moment of enlightenment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x1:1
# text = After the teacher's diagram, I felt a moment of enlightenment.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  | after the teacher's diagram; moment |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Enlightenment was a time of new ideas about science and freedom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x2:1
# text = The Enlightenment was a time of new ideas about science and freedom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Enlightenment | a time |  |  |  | of new ideas about science and freedom | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thinkers of the Enlightenment said people should question kings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x3:1
# text = Thinkers of the Enlightenment said people should question kings.
1	Thinkers	thinker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	question	question	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Thinkers of the Enlightenment |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **question** *speech: other* | should | people |  | kings |  |  |  | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhists believe the Buddha reached enlightenment under a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x4:1
# text = Buddhists believe the Buddha reached enlightenment under a tree.
1	Buddhists	buddhist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Buddhists |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **reach** | past | the Buddha | enlightenment |  | a tree |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent enlightenment=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library was built for the enlightenment of the townspeople.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x5:1
# text = The library was built for the enlightenment of the townspeople.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	townspeople	townspeople	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | the library |  |  |  | for the enlightenment of the townspeople | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for enlightenment=Asset |
| 2 | **enlighten** |  |  | the townspeople |  |  |  |  | nom enlightenment «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For your enlightenment, the answer is on page twelve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x6:1
# text = For your enlightenment, the answer is on page twelve.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the answer |  |  | page |  | for your enlightenment | tree rules |
| 2 | **enlighten** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom enlightenment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many ideas in the American Declaration of Independence came from the Enlightenment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enlightenment:x7:1
# text = Many ideas in the American Declaration of Independence came from the Enlightenment.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Declaration	Declaration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Independence	Independence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Many ideas in the American Declaration of Independence |  |  | the Enlightenment |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from enlightenment=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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