---
title: envisage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «envisage» in the school dictionary: To imagine or picture something that might happen in the future. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# envisage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, you, architect, I, new bridge, plan · **What happens:** imagine, picture, happen, expect, plan, envisage · **To what, where:** something, future, Mars, school, cup, It · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«envisage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [envisage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/envisage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To imagine or picture something that might happen in the future.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:m1:1
# text = To imagine or picture something that might happen in the future.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	imagine	imagine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	picture	picture	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imagine** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **picture** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 3 | **happen** | might |  |  |  | the future |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in future=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To expect or plan something: «We envisage finishing by summer».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:m2:1
# text = To expect or plan something: «We envisage finishing by summer».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	expect	expect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plan	plan	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	envisage	envisage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	finishing	finish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expect** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **plan** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 3 | **envisage** *in a quote* | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **finish** *in a quote* | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  | summer |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you envisage living on Mars?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x1:1
# text = Can you envisage living on Mars?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	envisage	envisage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **envisage** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | Mars |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The architect envisaged a school full of light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x2:1
# text = The architect envisaged a school full of light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	architect	architect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	envisaged	envisage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **envisage** | past | the architect | a school |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent school=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I never envisaged that we would win the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x3:1
# text = I never envisaged that we would win the cup.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	envisaged	envisage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **envisage** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **win** | would | we | the cup |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is envisaged that the new bridge will open next year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x4:1
# text = It is envisaged that the new bridge will open next year.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	envisaged	envisage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **envisage** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **open** | future | the new bridge |  |  |  | year |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close your eyes and envisage a quiet beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x5:1
# text = Close your eyes and envisage a quiet beach.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	envisage	envisage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | your eyes |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 2 | **envisage** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a quiet beach |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent beach=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plan envisages more trees on every street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envisage:x6:1
# text = The plan envisages more trees on every street.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	envisages	envisage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **envisage** | present | the plan | more trees |  | every street |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent tree=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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