---
title: envoy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «envoy» in the school dictionary: An envoy is a person sent by a government or a ruler to take a message to another country or to talk for them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# envoy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** envoy, special envoy, king, UN envoy, Envoys, you · **What happens:** be, send, take, talk, deal, try · **To what, where:** person, message, country, someone, envoy, queen

<!-- .vabout -->
«envoy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [envoy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/envoy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An envoy is a person sent by a government or a ruler to take a message to another country or to talk for them.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:m1:1
# text = An envoy is a person sent by a government or a ruler to take a message to another country or to talk for them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a envoy | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | a message |  | another country |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to country=Destination |
| 4 | **talk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for government | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special envoy is someone sent to deal with one problem, such as peace talks.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:m2:1
# text = A special envoy is someone sent to deal with one problem, such as peace talks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	deal	deal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	talks	talk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a special envoy | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **deal** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with one problem and peace talks | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with problem=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king sent an envoy to the queen of the next kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x1:1
# text = The king sent an envoy to the queen of the next kingdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the king | a envoy | the queen of the next kingdom |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent envoy=Theme to queen=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A UN envoy is trying to arrange peace talks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x2:1
# text = A UN envoy is trying to arrange peace talks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	arrange	arrange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	talks	talk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present · progressive | a UN envoy |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **arrange** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a UN envoy *not said here* | peace talks |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The envoy brought a letter from the emperor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x3:1
# text = The envoy brought a letter from the emperor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the envoy | a letter |  |  |  | from the emperor | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent letter=Theme from emperor=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The president's special envoy visited the region.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x4:1
# text = The president's special envoy visited the region.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | the president's special envoy | the region |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent region=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Envoys travelled for weeks on horseback in the old days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x5:1
# text = Envoys travelled for weeks on horseback in the old days.
1	Envoys	envoy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | Envoys |  |  | horseback | day; week |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on horseback=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The envoy was treated as an honoured guest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x6:1
# text = The envoy was treated as an honoured guest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	honoured	honour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past · passive |  | the envoy |  |  |  | as a honoured guest | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as guest=Attribute |
| 2 | **honour** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Should you send an envoy to the island he will take ten years to get there and ten more to return—twenty years in all.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:envoy:x7:1
# text = Should you send an envoy to the island he will take ten years to get there and ten more to return—twenty years in all.
1	Should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
12	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | should | you | a envoy |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent envoy=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | future | he |  |  |  | year | to the island *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to island=Result |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | ten more |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus |
| 4 | **return** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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