---
title: enzyme — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «enzyme» in the school dictionary: An enzyme is a substance made by living things that speeds up chemical changes, for example breaking down food in your stomach. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# enzyme

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** enzyme, substance, Enzymes, Biological washing powder, Heat, Pineapple · **What happens:** be, make, speed up, break down, start, digest · **To what, where:** substance, chemical changes, food, stomach, bread, enzymes

<!-- .vabout -->
«enzyme» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [enzyme in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/enzyme.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An enzyme is a substance made by living things that speeds up chemical changes, for example breaking down food in your stomach.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:m1:1
# text = An enzyme is a substance made by living things that speeds up chemical changes, for example breaking down food in your stomach.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enzyme	enzyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	speeds	speed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
18	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a enzyme | a substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a substance *not said here* |  |  |  | by living things | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **speed up** | present | a substance | chemical changes |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Agent |
| 4 | **break down** | gerund | a substance *not said here* | food |  | your stomach |  | for example | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enzymes in your saliva start to digest bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x1:1
# text = Enzymes in your saliva start to digest bread.
1	Enzymes	enzyme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | infinitive | Enzymes in your saliva |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **digest** | to-infinitive | Enzymes in your saliva *not said here* | bread |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Biological washing powder has enzymes that eat stains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x2:1
# text = Biological washing powder has enzymes that eat stains.
1	Biological	biological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	enzymes	enzyme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	stains	stain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Biological washing powder | enzymes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enzyme=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | enzymes | stains |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stain=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each enzyme does one special job.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x3:1
# text = Each enzyme does one special job.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	enzyme	enzyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | each enzyme | one special job |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heat can stop an enzyme from working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x4:1
# text = Heat can stop an enzyme from working.
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	enzyme	enzyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | can | Heat | a enzyme |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality enzyme=Eventuality |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | Heat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enzymes help turn milk into cheese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x5:1
# text = Enzymes help turn milk into cheese.
1	Enzymes	enzyme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Enzymes |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | infinitive | Enzymes *not said here* | milk |  | cheese |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent milk=Theme into cheese=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pineapple has an enzyme that can make your tongue tingle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:enzyme:x6:1
# text = Pineapple has an enzyme that can make your tongue tingle.
1	Pineapple	Pineapple	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	enzyme	enzyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	tingle	tingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Pineapple | a enzyme |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enzyme=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | can | a enzyme | your tongue tingle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tingle=Product |
| 3 | **tingle** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom tingle «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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