---
title: epilepsy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «epilepsy» in the school dictionary: Epilepsy is a condition of the brain that makes a person have seizures (fits), when the brain's signals get mixed up for a short time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# epilepsy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Epilepsy, that, person, brain, cousin, Flashing · **What happens:** be, make, have, mix up, signal, take · **To what, where:** condition, person, seizures, signals, epilepsy, medicine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«epilepsy» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [epilepsy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/epilepsy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Epilepsy is a condition of the brain that makes a person have seizures (fits), when the brain's signals get mixed up for a short time.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:m1:1
# text = Epilepsy is a condition of the brain that makes a person have seizures (fits), when the brain's signals get mixed up for a short time.
1	Epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	xcomp	_	_
13	seizures	seizure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	fits	fit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Epilepsy | a condition |  |  |  | of the brain | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | that | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | a person *not said here* | seizures |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seizure=Patient |
| 4 | **mix up** | present · passive |  | the brain's signals |  |  | time |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **signal** |  | the brain |  |  |  |  |  | nom signal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin has epilepsy and takes medicine every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x1:1
# text = My cousin has epilepsy and takes medicine every day.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My cousin | epilepsy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent epilepsy=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | present | My cousin *not said here* | medicine |  |  | day |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Epilepsy can cause seizures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x2:1
# text = Epilepsy can cause seizures.
1	Epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	seizures	seizure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Epilepsy | seizures |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition seizure=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flashing lights can trigger a seizure in some people with epilepsy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x3:1
# text = Flashing lights can trigger a seizure in some people with epilepsy.
1	Flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	trigger	trigger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	seizure	seizure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | gerund |  | lights |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 2 | **trigger** | can | Flashing | a seizure |  |  |  | in some people with epilepsy | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition seizure=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone has a seizure, call an adult straight away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x4:1
# text = If someone has a seizure, call an adult straight away.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	seizure	seizure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone | a seizure |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seizure=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  | away *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people with epilepsy live normal, busy lives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x5:1
# text = Many people with epilepsy live normal, busy lives.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Many people with epilepsy | normal busy lives |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never put anything in the mouth of a person having a seizure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x6:1
# text = Never put anything in the mouth of a person having a seizure.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	seizure	seizure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | anything |  | the mouth of a person |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent anything=Theme in mouth=Destination |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a person *not said here* | a seizure |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seizure=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video began with a warning for people with epilepsy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epilepsy:x7:1
# text = The video began with a warning for people with epilepsy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the video |  |  |  |  | with a warning for people with epilepsy | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with warning=Subeventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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