---
title: epistaxis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «epistaxis» in the school dictionary: A nosebleed: bleeding from the nose. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# epistaxis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nosebleed, doctor, form, Epistaxis, air, aid poster · **What happens:** bleed, write, mean, be, explain, do · **To what, where:** nose, epistaxis, form, nosebleed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«epistaxis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [epistaxis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/epistaxis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medical — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nosebleed: bleeding from the nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:m1:1
# text = A nosebleed: bleeding from the nose.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nosebleed	nosebleed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	bleeding	bleed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleed** | gerund | a nosebleed *not said here* |  |  | the nose |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from nose=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor wrote «epistaxis» on the form, which means a nosebleed.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x1:1
# text = The doctor wrote «epistaxis» on the form, which means a nosebleed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	nosebleed	nosebleed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the doctor | epistaxis |  | the form |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent epistaxis=Theme on form=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the form | a nosebleed |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nosebleed=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Epistaxis is common in children when the air is dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x2:1
# text = Epistaxis is common in children when the air is dry.
1	Epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Epistaxis |  |  |  |  | in children; common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the air |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first-aid poster explains what to do for epistaxis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x3:1
# text = The first-aid poster explains what to do for epistaxis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | the aid poster |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for epistaxis | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lean forward, not back, if you have a nosebleed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x4:1
# text = Lean forward, not back, if you have a nosebleed.
1	Lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	nosebleed	nosebleed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | a nosebleed |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nosebleed=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Epistaxis after a bump to the nose should be checked if it will not stop.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x5:1
# text = Epistaxis after a bump to the nose should be checked if it will not stop.
1	Epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | should · passive |  | Epistaxis after a bump to the nose |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **stop** *a condition, not said to happen* | future | Epistaxis |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse treated his epistaxis with a cold pack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:epistaxis:x6:1
# text = The nurse treated his epistaxis with a cold pack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past | the nurse | nurse's epistaxis |  |  |  | with a cold pack | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent epistaxis=Recipient with pack=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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