---
title: especially — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «especially» in the school dictionary: Especially means more than usual, or more than others; particularly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# especially

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, It, you, cake, stairs, She · **What happens:** mean, make, love, be, wash, eat · **To what, where:** more, animals, hands, stairs, horses, themselves

<!-- .vabout -->
«especially» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [especially in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/especially.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Especially means more than usual, or more than others; particularly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:m1:1
# text = Especially means more than usual, or more than others; particularly.
1	Especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	particularly	particularly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | more |  |  |  | especially, particularly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Especially means for one special purpose or person, as in made especially for you.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:m2:1
# text = Especially means for one special purpose or person, as in made especially for you.
1	Especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for one special purpose or person; especially *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for purpose=Attribute |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for you; especially *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for you=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I love animals, especially dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x1:1
# text = I love animals, especially dogs.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | I | animals and dogs |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's cold, especially at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x2:1
# text = It's cold, especially at night.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  | night | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands, especially before you eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x3:1
# text = Wash your hands, especially before you eat.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | you |  |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This cake is especially for you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x4:1
# text = This cake is especially for you.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this cake |  |  |  |  | for you; especially *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful on the stairs, especially when they're wet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x5:1
# text = Be careful on the stairs, especially when they're wet.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	csubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  | the stairs |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | stairs *= stair* |  |  |  |  | especially, wet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is especially good at drawing horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x6:1
# text = She is especially good at drawing horses.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	drawing	draw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | especially, good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** | gerund | She *not said here* | horses |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees are especially busy in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x7:1
# text = Bees are especially busy in summer.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bees |  |  |  | summer | busy, especially *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They give themselves great airs, especially the ibis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:especially:x8:1
# text = They give themselves great airs, especially the ibis.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	airs	air	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ibis	ibis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | They | themselves *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient air=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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