---
title: espouse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «espouse» in the school dictionary: To take up a cause and support it warmly, often as your own. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# espouse

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**Who acts:** She, knight, prince · **What happens:** take up, support, marry, espouse, cause · **To what, where:** cause, someone, village, princess, old tale

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«espouse» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [espouse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/espouse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take up a cause and support it warmly, often as your own.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:espouse:m1:1
# text = To take up a cause and support it warmly, often as your own.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	support	support	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	warmly	warmly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | to-infinitive |  | a cause |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **support** | infinitive |  | cause |  |  |  | often, warmly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To marry someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:espouse:m2:1
# text = To marry someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	marry	marry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **marry** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She warmly espoused the cause of the poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:espouse:x1:1
# text = She warmly espoused the cause of the poor.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	warmly	warmly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	espoused	espouse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **espouse** | past | She | the cause of the poor |  |  |  | warmly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight espoused the cause of the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:espouse:x2:1
# text = The knight espoused the cause of the village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	espoused	espouse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **espouse** | past | the knight | the cause of the village |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the village |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old tale, the prince espoused the princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:espouse:x3:1
# text = In the old tale, the prince espoused the princess.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	espoused	espouse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **espouse** | past | the prince | the princess |  | the old tale |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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