---
title: estimate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «estimate» in the school dictionary: To estimate is to make a careful guess about an amount, size, cost or time, without counting or measuring exactly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# estimate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** estimate, you, many sweets, that, real number, My · **What happens:** estimate, be, count, measure, answer, get · **To what, where:** number, jar, 100, good estimate, 30, 28 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«estimate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [estimate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/estimate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To estimate is to make a careful guess about an amount, size, cost or time, without counting or measuring exactly.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:m1:1
# text = To estimate is to make a careful guess about an amount, size, cost or time, without counting or measuring exactly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	estimate	estimate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
23	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **count** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **measure** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An estimate is the number or answer you get by estimating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:m2:1
# text = An estimate is the number or answer you get by estimating.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	estimating	estimate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a estimate | the number |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | infinitive | a estimate *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **estimate** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estimate how many sweets are in the jar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x1:1
# text = Estimate how many sweets are in the jar.
1	Estimate	estimate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | many sweets |  |  | the jar |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
49 + 52 is about 100, so that is a good estimate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x2:1
# text = 49 + 52 is about 100, so that is a good estimate.
1	49	49	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	3	cc	_	_
3	52	52	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | 100 |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | a good estimate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My estimate was 30, and the real number was 28.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x3:1
# text = My estimate was 30, and the real number was 28.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	28	28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My estimate | 30 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the real number | 28 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **estimate** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Builders give an estimate of the cost before they start.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x4:1
# text = Builders give an estimate of the cost before they start.
1	Builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Builders | a estimate of the cost |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent estimate=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | present | Builders *= builder* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **estimate** |  |  | the cost |  |  |  |  | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estimate the length of the table, then measure it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x5:1
# text = Estimate the length of the table, then measure it.
1	Estimate	estimate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	measure	measure	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | imperative | you *not said here* | the length of the table |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent length=Value |
| 2 | **measure** | infinitive |  | length |  |  | then |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme it=Value |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We estimated the trip would take an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x6:1
# text = We estimated the trip would take an hour.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Value |
| 2 | **take** | would | the trip |  |  |  | hour |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rough estimate is fine; you don't need the exact number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x7:1
# text = A rough estimate is fine; you don't need the exact number.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a rough estimate |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **need** | present · do-support | you | the exact number |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot number=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builder and carpenter made an estimate that the new house would cost ten hundred and twenty dollars to build.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimate:x8:1
# text = The builder and carpenter made an estimate that the new house would cost ten hundred and twenty dollars to build.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builder	builder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	carpenter	carpenter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	cost	cost	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
14	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	compound	_	_
15	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	conj	_	_
18	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the builder and carpenter | a estimate |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset estimate=Product |
| 2 | **cost** | would | the new house | hundred dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |
| 3 | **build** | to-infinitive | the new house *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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