---
title: estimation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «estimation» in the school dictionary: An estimation is a careful guess of a number or amount, made without counting or measuring exactly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# estimation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** estimation, She, Your, my, 47, you · **What happens:** be, make, count, measure, go up, estimate · **To what, where:** careful guess, skill, such guesses, opinion, someone, 50 sweets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«estimation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [estimation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/estimation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An estimation is a careful guess of a number or amount, made without counting or measuring exactly.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:m1:1
# text = An estimation is a careful guess of a number or amount, made without counting or measuring exactly.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
14	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	_
18	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a estimation | a careful guess |  |  |  | of a number or amount | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a careful guess *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **count** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **measure** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estimation is the skill or act of making such guesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:m2:1
# text = Estimation is the skill or act of making such guesses.
1	Estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	guesses	guess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Estimation | the skill or act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Estimation *not said here* | such guesses |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset guess=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your estimation of someone is your opinion of them: «She went up in my estimation».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:m3:1
# text = Your estimation of someone is your opinion of them: «She went up in my estimation».
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your estimation of someone | your opinion |  |  |  | of them *= they* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** *in a quote* | past | She |  |  |  |  | in my estimation | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in estimation=Attribute |
| 3 | **estimate** |  | Your | someone |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
| 4 | **estimate** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My estimation was 50 sweets, and there were 47.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x1:1
# text = My estimation was 50 sweets, and there were 47.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My estimation | 50 sweets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | past | 47 |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **estimate** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use estimation to check your answer: 298 + 403 is about 700.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x2:1
# text = Use estimation to check your answer: 298 + 403 is about 700.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	298	298	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	_
9	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	10	cc	_	_
10	403	403	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	700	700	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | estimation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent estimation=Patient |
| 2 | **check** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your answer |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | you *not said here* | 700 |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estimation is useful when you don't have a ruler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x3:1
# text = Estimation is useful when you don't have a ruler.
1	Estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Estimation |  |  |  |  | useful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | you | a ruler |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruler=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rough estimation of the crowd was ten thousand people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x4:1
# text = A rough estimation of the crowd was ten thousand people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	_
9	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a rough estimation of the crowd | thousand people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **estimate** |  |  | the crowd |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In my estimation, the film was too long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x5:1
# text = In my estimation, the film was too long.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the film |  |  | my estimation |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **estimate** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He went up in my estimation when he helped the new boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x6:1
# text = He went up in my estimation when he helped the new boy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | He |  |  |  |  | in my estimation | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in estimation=Attribute |
| 2 | **help** | past | he |  | the new boy |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **estimate** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our estimation of the journey time was wrong because of traffic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estimation:x7:1
# text = Our estimation of the journey time was wrong because of traffic.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	estimation	estimation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Our estimation of the journey time |  |  |  |  | because traffic; wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **estimate** |  | Our | the journey time |  |  |  |  | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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