---
title: estrangement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «estrangement» in the school dictionary: Estrangement is when people who used to be close, especially family members, stop speaking or seeing each other. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# estrangement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Estrangement, people, It, brothers, Her, novel · **What happens:** be, use, stop, speak, see, cut off · **To what, where:** people, each, feeling, someone, girl, holidays · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«estrangement» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [estrangement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/estrangement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estrangement is when people who used to be close, especially family members, stop speaking or seeing each other.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:m1:1
# text = Estrangement is when people who used to be close, especially family members, stop speaking or seeing each other.
1	Estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
16	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
19	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	18	obj	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Estrangement | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | family members *obl*; close *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **see** | gerund |  | each |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a feeling of being distant or cut off from someone or something.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:m2:1
# text = It is a feeling of being distant or cut off from someone or something.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | distant *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut off** | participle |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from someone=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After years of estrangement, the brothers finally met again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x1:1
# text = After years of estrangement, the brothers finally met again.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the brothers |  |  |  | again; year | finally *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her estrangement from her aunt began with an argument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x2:1
# text = Her estrangement from her aunt began with an argument.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Her estrangement from estrangement's aunt |  |  |  |  | with a argument | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with argument=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **estrange** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  | from estrangement's aunt | nom estrangement «state transitive»: poss=agent from=obl |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The novel is about a girl and her estranged father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x3:1
# text = The novel is about a girl and her estranged father.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	novel	novel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	estranged	estrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the novel | a girl and her estranged father |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **estrange** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Estrangement can make holidays hard for some families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x4:1
# text = Estrangement can make holidays hard for some families.
1	Estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Estrangement | holidays |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset holiday=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries ended their estrangement with a peace deal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x5:1
# text = The two countries ended their estrangement with a peace deal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the two countries | countries's estrangement |  |  |  | with a peace deal | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector estrangement=Eventuality with deal=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **estrange** |  | countries *= country* |  |  |  |  |  | nom estrangement «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He felt a strange estrangement from his old friends after moving away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x6:1
# text = He felt a strange estrangement from his old friends after moving away.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	away	away	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | He | a strange estrangement |  |  |  | from his old friends | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent estrangement=Theme |
| 2 | **move away** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you not consider the harm you may be doing yourself, and fear that malicious people, seeking the cause of your estrangement, may guess the real one?"

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:estrangement:x7:1
# text = Do you not consider the harm you may be doing yourself, and fear that malicious people, seeking the cause of your estrangement, may guess the real one?"
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	consider	consider	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	malicious	maliciou	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	estrangement	estrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	guess	guess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **consider** | present · do-support | you | the harm |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent harm=Attribute |
| 2 | **do** | may · progressive | you | yourself |  |  |  | fear *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Eventuality |
| 3 | **maliciou** | present | fear | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **seek** | gerund | you *not said here* | the cause of your estrangement |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 5 | **guess** | may | you *not said here* | the real one |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 6 | **cause** |  |  | your estrangement |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **estrange** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom estrangement «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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