---
title: etched — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «etched» in the school dictionary: Etched means cut or scratched into a hard surface like glass, metal or stone, often with acid or a sharp tool, to make a picture or words. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# etched

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** face, Their, window, artist · **What happens:** etch, mean, cut, scratch, make, stay · **To what, where:** picture, something, memory, names, silver trophy, pattern · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«etched» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [etched in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/etched.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Etched means cut or scratched into a hard surface like glass, metal or stone, often with acid or a sharp tool, to make a picture or words.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:m1:1
# text = Etched means cut or scratched into a hard surface like glass, metal or stone, often with acid or a sharp tool, to make a picture or words.
1	Etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **scratch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | into a hard surface like glass and metal or stone | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into surface=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a picture or words |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If something is etched on your memory or face, it stays there clearly and does not go away: «The day was etched in my memory».

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:m2:1
# text = If something is etched on your memory or face, it stays there clearly and does not go away: «The day was etched in my memory».
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
14	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | something |  | your memory or face |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on memory=Destination |
| 2 | **stay** | present | face |  |  | there |  | clearly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **go away** | present · do-support | face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **etch** *in a quote* | past · passive | face *not said here* |  |  | my memory | day |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: in memory=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their names were etched on the silver trophy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x1:1
# text = Their names were etched on the silver trophy.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	silver	silver	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trophy	trophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | past · passive |  | Their names |  | the silver trophy |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on trophy=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The window had a pattern etched into the glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x2:1
# text = The window had a pattern etched into the glass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the window | a pattern |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient |
| 2 | **etch** | participle |  | a pattern *not said here* |  | the glass |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent into glass=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The artist etched a picture onto a copper plate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x3:1
# text = The artist etched a picture onto a copper plate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	etched	etch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | past | the artist | a picture |  | a copper plate |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme onto plate=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That holiday is etched in my memory forever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x4:1
# text = That holiday is etched in my memory forever.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | present · passive |  | that holiday |  | my memory |  | forever *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme in memory=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear was etched on the boy's face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x5:1
# text = Fear was etched on the boy's face.
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | past · passive |  | Fear |  | the boy's face |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on face=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old graffiti was etched into the stone wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:etched:x6:1
# text = Old graffiti was etched into the stone wall.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	etched	etch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **etch** | past · passive |  | Old graffiti |  | the stone wall |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme into wall=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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