---
title: eternal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «eternal» in the school dictionary: Lasting for ever, without beginning or end. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# eternal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Christians, God, believers, Jesus, car journey, eternal flame · **What happens:** last, begin, believe, be, have, seem · **To what, where:** eternal life, eternal complaining, those, Rome, war memorial, eternal optimist · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«eternal» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [eternal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/eternal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lasting for ever, without beginning or end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:m1:1
# text = Lasting for ever, without beginning or end.
1	Lasting	last	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe God is eternal and that believers will have eternal life with God after death.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:m2:1
# text = Christians believe God is eternal and that believers will have eternal life with God after death.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	believers	believer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | eternal *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | future | believers | eternal life |  |  | after death | with God | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seeming to go on for ever, often annoyingly: «his eternal complaining».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:m3:1
# text = Seeming to go on for ever, often annoyingly: «his eternal complaining».
1	Seeming	seem	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	annoyingly	annoyingly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	complaining	complaining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | gerund |  | his eternal complaining |  |  |  | annoyingly *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **go on** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always true or always there: «eternal truths», «an eternal optimist».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:m4:1
# text = Always true or always there: «eternal truths», «an eternal optimist».
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	truths	truth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	optimist	optimist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe God is eternal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x1:1
# text = Christians believe God is eternal.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | eternal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus promised eternal life to those who believe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x2:1
# text = Jesus promised eternal life to those who believe.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Jesus | eternal life |  |  |  | to those *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent life=Theme to that=Goal |
| 2 | **believe** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car journey felt eternal!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x3:1
# text = The car journey felt eternal!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the car journey |  |  |  |  | eternal *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rome is called the Eternal City.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x4:1
# text = Rome is called the Eternal City.
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Eternal	Eternal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Rome |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eternal flame burns at the war memorial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x5:1
# text = An eternal flame burns at the war memorial.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	memorial	memorial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | a eternal flame |  |  | the war memorial |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at memorial=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad is an eternal optimist; he always thinks it'll be sunny.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x6:1
# text = My dad is an eternal optimist; he always thinks it'll be sunny.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	optimist	optimist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	_
10	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My dad | a eternal optimist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | he |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | future | optimist |  |  |  |  | sunny *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They swore eternal friendship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x7:1
# text = They swore eternal friendship.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eternal	eternal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | They | eternal friendship |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Your blood grows thick from your eternal dreaming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eternal:x8:1
# text = "Your blood grows thick from your eternal dreaming.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eternal	eternal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** *in a quote* | present | Your blood |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dream** *in a quote* | gerund | your eternal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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