---
title: ethylene — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ethylene» in the school dictionary: Ethylene is a colourless gas made of carbon and hydrogen; plants make it naturally, and it makes fruit ripen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ethylene

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ethylene, plants, fruit, Ripe bananas, you, avocado · **What happens:** be, make, ripen, use, give off, put · **To what, where:** colourless gas, Ethylene, fruit, important chemical, factories, plastics

<!-- .vabout -->
«ethylene» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ethylene in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ethylene.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ethylene is a colourless gas made of carbon and hydrogen; plants make it naturally, and it makes fruit ripen.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:m1:1
# text = Ethylene is a colourless gas made of carbon and hydrogen; plants make it naturally, and it makes fruit ripen.
1	Ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	naturally	naturally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
20	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	ripen	ripen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ethylene | a colourless gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a colourless gas *not said here* |  |  |  | of carbon and hydrogen | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **make** | present | plants | Ethylene |  |  |  | naturally *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 4 | **make** | present | Ethylene | fruit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **ripen** | infinitive | fruit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ethylene is an important chemical used in factories to make plastics such as polythene (polyethylene).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:m2:1
# text = Ethylene is an important chemical used in factories to make plastics such as polythene (polyethylene).
1	Ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chemical	chemical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	plastics	plastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	polythene	polythene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	polyethylene	polyethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ethylene | a important chemical |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a important chemical *not said here* |  | factories |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | plastics |  |  |  | such polythene | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plastic=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ripe bananas give off ethylene gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x1:1
# text = Ripe bananas give off ethylene gas.
1	Ripe	ripe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | Ripe bananas | ethylene gas |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put an avocado in a bag with a banana to help it ripen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x2:1
# text = Put an avocado in a bag with a banana to help it ripen.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	avocado	avocado	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	banana	banana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	ripen	ripen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a avocado |  | a bag |  | with a banana | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent avocado=Theme in bag=Destination |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | avocado |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **ripen** | infinitive | avocado *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ethylene makes fruit go soft and sweet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x3:1
# text = Ethylene makes fruit go soft and sweet.
1	Ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Ethylene | fruit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive | fruit *not said here* |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic bags are made from ethylene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x4:1
# text = Plastic bags are made from ethylene.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Plastic bags |  | ethylene |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from ethylene=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One rotten apple gives off ethylene and spoils the others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x5:1
# text = One rotten apple gives off ethylene and spoils the others.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	rotten	rotten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	spoils	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | One rotten apple | ethylene |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source ethylene=Theme |
| 2 | **spoil** | present | One rotten apple *not said here* | the others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fruit is shipped cold to slow down ethylene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ethylene:x6:1
# text = Fruit is shipped cold to slow down ethylene.
1	Fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	shipped	ship	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	ethylene	ethylene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ship** | present · passive |  | Fruit |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **slow down** | to-infinitive |  | ethylene |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ethylene=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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