---
title: ex — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ex» in the school dictionary: A person's former husband, wife, girlfriend or boyfriend: «my mum's ex». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ex

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ex, ex VAT, Dad, Mr Lee, She, ex-champion · **What happens:** mean, get on, come, be, train, stand · **To what, where:** former, party, ex-soldier, ex-pupil, young swimmers, sum

<!-- .vabout -->
«ex» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ex in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ex.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's former husband, wife, girlfriend or boyfriend: «my mum's ex».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:m1:1
# text = A person's former husband, wife, girlfriend or boyfriend: «my mum's ex».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	ex	ex	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a prefix «ex-», it means «former» or «no longer»: ex-teacher, ex-president, ex-wife.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:m2:1
# text = As a prefix «ex-», it means «former» or «no longer»: ex-teacher, ex-president, ex-wife.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	prefix	prefix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ex	ex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	no	no	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	ex-teacher	ex-teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	ex-president	ex-president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	ex-wife	ex-wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | ex | former |  |  |  | as a prefix | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent former=Topic as prefix=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«ex» means «without»: «ex VAT» means without the tax.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:m3:1
# text = «ex» means «without»: «ex VAT» means without the tax.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ex	ex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ex	ex	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	VAT	vat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	without	without	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | ex |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent without=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | ex VAT |  |  |  |  | without the tax | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter X.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:m4:1
# text = The letter X.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad still gets on well with his ex.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x1:1
# text = Dad still gets on well with his ex.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ex	ex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get on** | present | Dad |  |  |  | still | with Dad's ex; well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt's ex came to the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x2:1
# text = My aunt's ex came to the party.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	ex	ex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | My aunt's ex |  |  | the party |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to party=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Lee is an ex-soldier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x3:1
# text = Mr Lee is an ex-soldier.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ex-soldier	ex-soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mr Lee | a ex-soldier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is an ex-pupil of our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x4:1
# text = She is an ex-pupil of our school.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ex-pupil	ex-pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a ex-pupil |  |  |  | of our school | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ex-champion now trains young swimmers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x5:1
# text = The ex-champion now trains young swimmers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ex-champion	ex-champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	trains	train	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present | the ex-champion | young swimmers |  |  | now |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the sum 3 + x = 7, «ex» stands for 4.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ex:x6:1
# text = In the sum 3 + x = 7, «ex» stands for 4.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
5	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	6	cc	_	_
6	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	8	case	_	_
8	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ex	ex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | ex |  |  | the sum |  | for 4 | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sum=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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