---
title: excavator — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excavator» in the school dictionary: An excavator is a big machine with an arm and a bucket for digging up earth and rocks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excavator

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** excavator, bucket, person, little brother, Archaeologists, you · **What happens:** be, dig up, dig, find, love, watch · **To what, where:** big machine, earth, person, old objects, deep hole, excavators

<!-- .vabout -->
«excavator» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excavator in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excavator.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An excavator is a big machine with an arm and a bucket for digging up earth and rocks.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:m1:1
# text = An excavator is a big machine with an arm and a bucket for digging up earth and rocks.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a excavator | a big machine |  |  |  | with a arm and a bucket | tree rules |
| 2 | **dig up** | gerund | a bucket *not said here* | earth and rocks |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent earth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An excavator is also a person who digs carefully at a site to find old objects, like an archaeologist.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:m2:1
# text = An excavator is also a person who digs carefully at a site to find old objects, like an archaeologist.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	digs	dig	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	archaeologist	archaeologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a excavator | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dig** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | at a site; carefully *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at site=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | old objects and a archaeologist |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The excavator dug a deep hole for the new pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x1:1
# text = The excavator dug a deep hole for the new pool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past | the excavator | a deep hole |  |  |  | for the new pool | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent hole=Result for pool=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother loves watching excavators.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x2:1
# text = My little brother loves watching excavators.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	excavators	excavator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | My little brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **watch** *not said to happen* | gerund | My little brother *not said here* | excavators |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excavator=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The excavator's bucket scooped up the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x3:1
# text = The excavator's bucket scooped up the soil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	scooped	scoop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scoop up** | past | the excavator's bucket | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent soil=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists worked as careful excavators at the Roman site.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x4:1
# text = Archaeologists worked as careful excavators at the Roman site.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	excavators	excavator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | Archaeologists |  |  |  |  | as careful excavators; at the Roman site | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at site=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay far away from a working excavator.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x5:1
# text = Stay far away from a working excavator.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mini excavator fitted through the garden gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excavator:x6:1
# text = A mini excavator fitted through the garden gate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mini	mini	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	excavator	excavator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	fitted	fit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | participle |  | a mini excavator *not said here* |  | the garden gate |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through gate=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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