---
title: except — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «except» in the school dictionary: Except means not including; leaving out. «Everyone except Tom went» means Tom did not go. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# except

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Except, Everyone, Tom, that, I, 30 children · **What happens:** mean, not include, leave out, go, not go, come · **To what, where:** fact, trip, sweets, 3 km, party, fruits · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«except» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [except in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/except.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Except means not including; leaving out. «Everyone except Tom went» means Tom did not go.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Except means not including; leaving out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:m1:1
# text = Except means not including; leaving out.
1	Except	Except	PROPN	ADD	_	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	including	include	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Except |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **include** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **leave out** | gerund | Except *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Everyone except Tom went» means Tom did not go.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:m1:2
# text = «Everyone except Tom went» means Tom did not go.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
3	except	except	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **go** | past · do-support | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Except that means but, apart from the fact that: «I'd come, except that I'm ill».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:m2:1
# text = Except that means but, apart from the fact that: «I'd come, except that I'm ill».
1	Except	except	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	except	except	ADP	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | would | I | the fact *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fact=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All except 4 of the 30 children went on the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x1:1
# text = All except 4 of the 30 children went on the trip.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	except	except	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the 30 children |  |  | the trip |  | except 4 | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trip=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ate all the sweets except 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x2:1
# text = She ate all the sweets except 5.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	except	except	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | She | all sweets |  |  |  | except 5 | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every day except Sunday he runs 3 km.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x3:1
# text = Every day except Sunday he runs 3 km.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	except	except	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | he | 3 km |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme km=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the boxes except one are full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x4:1
# text = All the boxes except one are full.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	except	except	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | all boxes except one |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is open every day except Monday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x5:1
# text = The shop is open every day except Monday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	except	except	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  |  | day | open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone came to the party except Ali, who was ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x6:1
# text = Everyone came to the party except Ali, who was ill.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	except	except	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Everyone |  |  | the party except Ali |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to party=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | Ali |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like all fruits except bananas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x7:1
# text = I like all fruits except bananas.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	except	except	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | all fruits |  |  |  | except bananas | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fruit=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room was silent except for the ticking clock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x8:1
# text = The room was silent except for the ticking clock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	except	except	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ticking	ticking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the room |  |  |  |  | except the ticking clock; silent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All children, except one, grow up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:except:x9:1
# text = All children, except one, grow up.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	except	except	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | present | all children |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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