---
title: excerpt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excerpt» in the school dictionary: An excerpt is a short part taken from a longer book, film, speech or piece of music. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excerpt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** excerpt, you, test, We, choir, character · **What happens:** be, take, take out, show, use, read · **To what, where:** short part, longer book, part, excerpt, Secret Garden, film · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«excerpt» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excerpt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excerpt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An excerpt is a short part taken from a longer book, film, speech or piece of music.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:m1:1
# text = An excerpt is a short part taken from a longer book, film, speech or piece of music.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a excerpt | a short part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | participle |  | a short part *not said here* |  | a longer book and film and speech or piece of music |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from book=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To excerpt is to take out such a part to show or use it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:m2:1
# text = To excerpt is to take out such a part to show or use it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	excerpt	excerpt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | excerpt *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take out** | to-infinitive |  | such part |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** | infinitive |  | part |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the excerpt from «The Secret Garden».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x1:1
# text = Read the excerpt from «The Secret Garden».
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Secret	Secret	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Garden	Garden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the excerpt |  | the Secret Garden |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent excerpt=Topic from garden=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test had an excerpt about whales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x2:1
# text = The test had an excerpt about whales.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the test | a excerpt |  |  |  | about whales | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excerpt=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched an excerpt from the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x3:1
# text = We watched an excerpt from the film.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a excerpt |  | the film |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excerpt=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The choir sang an excerpt from the musical.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x4:1
# text = The choir sang an excerpt from the musical.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	musical	musical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the choir | a excerpt |  | the musical |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location excerpt=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This excerpt shows how the character feels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x5:1
# text = This excerpt shows how the character feels.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | this excerpt |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **feel** | present | the character |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper printed an excerpt of the speech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excerpt:x6:1
# text = The newspaper printed an excerpt of the speech.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	printed	print	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	excerpt	excerpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | past | the newspaper | a excerpt of the speech |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excerpt=Theme |
| 2 | **excerpt** |  |  | the speech |  |  |  |  | nom excerpt «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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