---
title: excess — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excess» in the school dictionary: An amount that is more than is needed, allowed or usual. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excess

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** amount, you, insurer, lorry, We, limit · **What happens:** be, need, allow, pay, pour off, have · **To what, where:** amount, insurance claim, excess water, excess, airport, 30

<!-- .vabout -->
«excess» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excess in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excess.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An amount that is more than is needed, allowed or usual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:m1:1
# text = An amount that is more than is needed, allowed or usual.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a amount |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present · passive |  | a amount |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **allow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
in excess of: more than.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:m2:1
# text = in excess of: more than.
1	in	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Extra; more than needed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:m3:1
# text = Extra; more than needed.
1	Extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"excess baggage".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:m3e:1
# text = "excess baggage".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	excess	excess	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	baggage	baggage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Australia — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The amount you pay yourself in an insurance claim before the insurer pays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:m4:1
# text = The amount you pay yourself in an insurance claim before the insurer pays.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	insurance	insurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	insurer	insurer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | you | the amount |  | a insurance claim |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent amount=Recipient yourself=Asset |
| 2 | **pay** | present | the insurer |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pour off the excess water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x1:1
# text = Pour off the excess water.
1	Pour	pour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour off** | imperative | you *not said here* | the excess water |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lorry was in excess of its weight limit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x2:1
# text = The lorry was in excess of its weight limit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lorry |  |  | excess |  | of lorry's weight limit | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had to pay for excess baggage at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x3:1
# text = We had to pay for excess baggage at the airport.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	excess	excess	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	baggage	baggage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | the airport |  | for excess baggage | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for baggage=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the limit is 30 and there are 34, the excess is 4.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x4:1
# text = If the limit is 30 and there are 34, the excess is 4.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	34	34	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the limit | 30 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | 30 | 34 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the excess | 4 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating sweets to excess is bad for your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x5:1
# text = Eating sweets to excess is bad for your teeth.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	acl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  | sweets |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Eating |  |  |  |  | for your teeth; bad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wipe off the excess paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x6:1
# text = Wipe off the excess paint.
1	Wipe	wipe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	excess	excess	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wipe off** | imperative | you *not said here* | the excess paint |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent paint=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first-born of these was beautiful beyond compare, whereat the Queen was so very glad, that those present were afraid that her excess of joy would do her harm.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excess:x7:1
# text = The first-born of these was beautiful beyond compare, whereat the Queen was so very glad, that those present were afraid that her excess of joy would do her harm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
9	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	compare	compare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	whereat	whereat	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	advcl	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
26	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
32	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | these |  |  |  |  | beyond compare; beautiful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | the Queen |  |  |  |  | glad, whereat *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | that present |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | would | her excess of joy | excess's harm |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |
| 6 | **harm** |  | excess |  |  |  |  |  | nom harm «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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