---
title: excessive — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excessive» in the school dictionary: Excessive means too much, more than is needed or sensible. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excessive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Excessive, Excessive sugar, you, Excessive heat, punishment, PIGEON · **What happens:** mean, need, go, be, allow, stop · **To what, where:** much, driver, excessive amount, glue, formal Excessive noise, plants

<!-- .vabout -->
«excessive» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excessive in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excessive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excessive means too much, more than is needed or sensible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:m1:1
# text = Excessive means too much, more than is needed or sensible.
1	Excessive	Excessive	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
7	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Excessive | much |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present · passive | Excessive *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excessive can mean going beyond what is fair or allowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:m2:1
# text = Excessive can mean going beyond what is fair or allowed.
1	Excessive	Excessive	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Excessive |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund | Excessive *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond what=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **allow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excessive sugar is bad for your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x1:1
# text = Excessive sugar is bad for your teeth.
1	Excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Excessive sugar |  |  |  |  | for your teeth; bad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver was stopped for excessive speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x2:1
# text = The driver was stopped for excessive speed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past · passive |  | the driver |  |  |  | for excessive speed | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't use an excessive amount of glue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x3:1
# text = Don't use an excessive amount of glue.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a excessive amount of glue |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Patient |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | glue |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Excessive noise is not permitted after 10 pm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x4:1
# text = (formal) Excessive noise is not permitted after 10 pm.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **permit** | present · passive |  | formal Excessive noise |  |  | after 10  pm |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excessive heat can damage plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x5:1
# text = Excessive heat can damage plants.
1	Excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | Excessive heat | plants |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The punishment seemed excessive for such a small mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x6:1
# text = The punishment seemed excessive for such a small mistake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | the punishment |  |  |  |  | for such small mistake; excessive *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excessive:x7:1
# text = A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	PIGEON	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thirst	thirst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	goblet	goblet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	signboard	signboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | participle |  | a PIGEON *not said here* |  |  |  | by excessive thirst | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | a PIGEON | a goblet of water |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer goblet=Stimulus |
| 3 | **paint** | participle |  | a goblet of water *not said here* |  | a signboard |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on signboard=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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