---
title: excretion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excretion» in the school dictionary: Excretion is how living things get rid of waste that their bodies have made, such as urine, sweat and carbon dioxide. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excretion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** living things, waste, excretion, kidneys, We, Plants · **What happens:** be, make, pass out, help, breathe out, do · **To what, where:** bodies, waste substance, living thing, one, urine, carbon dioxide

<!-- .vabout -->
«excretion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excretion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excretion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excretion is how living things get rid of waste that their bodies have made, such as urine, sweat and carbon dioxide.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:m1:1
# text = Excretion is how living things get rid of waste that their bodies have made, such as urine, sweat and carbon dioxide.
1	Excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	urine	urine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | living things |  |  |  |  | Excretion *obl*; get, rid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect · passive | waste *not said here* | things's bodies |  |  |  | such urine and sweat and carbon dioxide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An excretion is a waste substance that is passed out of a living thing.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:m2:1
# text = An excretion is a waste substance that is passed out of a living thing.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a excretion | a waste substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass out** | present · passive |  | a waste substance |  | a living thing |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excretion is one of the seven life processes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x1:1
# text = Excretion is one of the seven life processes.
1	Excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Excretion | one |  |  |  | of the seven life processes | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kidneys help with excretion by making urine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x2:1
# text = The kidneys help with excretion by making urine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	urine	urine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the kidneys |  |  |  |  | with excretion | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with excretion=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | the kidneys *not said here* | urine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset urine=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We breathe out carbon dioxide as part of excretion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x3:1
# text = We breathe out carbon dioxide as part of excretion.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe out** | present | We | carbon dioxide |  |  |  | as part of excretion | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants also do excretion through their leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x4:1
# text = Plants also do excretion through their leaves.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | Plants | excretion |  | Plants's leaves |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excretion=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweating is a kind of excretion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x5:1
# text = Sweating is a kind of excretion.
1	Sweating	sweating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sweating | a kind |  |  |  | of excretion | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals need excretion to stay healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excretion:x6:1
# text = Animals need excretion to stay healthy.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	excretion	excretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Animals | excretion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | excretion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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