---
title: excuse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «excuse» in the school dictionary: An excuse is a reason you give to explain why you did something wrong or did not do something, often not the real reason. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# excuse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** excuse, you, them, someone, I, That · **What happens:** be, give, explain, do, not do, excuse · **To what, where:** reason, something, someone, them, it, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«excuse» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [excuse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/excuse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An excuse is a reason you give to explain why you did something wrong or did not do something, often not the real reason.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:m1:1
# text = An excuse is a reason you give to explain why you did something wrong or did not do something, often not the real reason.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	often	often	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a excuse | a reason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | you | a reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** | past | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **not** **do** | past · do-support | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To excuse someone means to forgive them for something small.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:m2:1
# text = To excuse someone means to forgive them for something small.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **forgive** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | for something | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme for something=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To excuse someone from something means to let them not do it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:m3:1
# text = To excuse someone from something means to let them not do it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	nsubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  | something |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **do** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Excuse me» is a polite phrase to get attention, to ask someone to move, or to say sorry for a small thing.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:m4:1
# text = «Excuse me» is a polite phrase to get attention, to ask someone to move, or to say sorry for a small thing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	nsubj	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
22	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a polite phrase |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | attention |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **say** *speech: apologize* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excuse me, could you tell me the time?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x1:1
# text = Excuse me, could you tell me the time?
1	Excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | could | you |  | me |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excuse me, can I get past?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x2:1
# text = Excuse me, can I get past?
1	Excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | can | I |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That's not a good excuse for being late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x3:1
# text = That's not a good excuse for being late.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
9	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | That | a good excuse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | That *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He always has an excuse for not doing his homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x4:1
# text = He always has an excuse for not doing his homework.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | a excuse |  |  |  | always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excuse=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **do** | gerund | a excuse *not said here* | his homework |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please excuse the mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x5:1
# text = Please excuse the mess.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | imperative | you *not said here* | the mess |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mess=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was excused from PE because of her sore foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x6:1
# text = She was excused from PE because of her sore foot.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	excused	excuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | past · passive |  | She |  | PE |  | because her sore foot | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
May I be excused from the table?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x7:1
# text = May I be excused from the table?
1	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	excused	excuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excuse** | may · passive |  | I |  | the table |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The dog ate it» is the oldest excuse ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x8:1
# text = «The dog ate it» is the oldest excuse ever.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	csubj	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | the dog | it |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the oldest excuse |  |  | ever |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perhaps there was some excuse for him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:excuse:x9:1
# text = Perhaps there was some excuse for him.
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | some excuse for him |  |  | there |  | perhaps *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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