---
title: exertion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «exertion» in the school dictionary: Hard physical or mental effort. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# exertion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, face, we, Climbing, exertion, I · **What happens:** use, do, be, exert, need, climb · **To what, where:** strength, something, breath, race, drink, hill

<!-- .vabout -->
«exertion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [exertion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/exertion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard physical or mental effort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:m1:1
# text = Hard physical or mental effort.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using strength or power to do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:m2:1
# text = Using strength or power to do something.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | strength or power |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was out of breath from the exertion of the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x1:1
# text = She was out of breath from the exertion of the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  | breath |  | from the exertion of the race | tree rules |
| 2 | **exert** |  |  | the race |  |  |  |  | nom exertion «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His face was red with exertion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x2:1
# text = His face was red with exertion.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His face |  |  |  |  | with exertion; red *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After all that exertion, we needed a drink of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x3:1
# text = After all that exertion, we needed a drink of water.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | we | a drink of water |  |  | after all exertion |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot drink=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Climbing the hill took a lot of exertion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x4:1
# text = Climbing the hill took a lot of exertion.
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund |  | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location hill=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | Climbing | a lot of exertion |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rest after heavy exertion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x5:1
# text = Rest after heavy exertion.
1	Rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exertion of carrying the boxes made him tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x6:1
# text = The exertion of carrying the boxes made him tired.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | gerund | the exertion *not said here* | the boxes |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | the exertion | him *= he* |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In that way I may be able to kill them without much exertion.”

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exertion:x7:1
# text = In that way I may be able to kill them without much exertion.”
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | I |  |  | that way |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **kill** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | without much exertion | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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