---
title: exhaust — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «exhaust» in the school dictionary: To exhaust someone means to make them extremely tired. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/exhaust/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/) / exhaust

# exhaust

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Exhaust, waste gas, car, long walk, Exhaust fumes, Smoke · **What happens:** exhaust, mean, make, use up, be, come out · **To what, where:** someone, them, something, it, supplies, waste gas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«exhaust» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [exhaust in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/exhaust.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To exhaust someone means to make them extremely tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:m1:1
# text = To exhaust someone means to make them extremely tired.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	exhaust	exhaust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To exhaust something means to use it up completely: exhaust the supplies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:m2:1
# text = To exhaust something means to use it up completely: exhaust the supplies.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	exhaust	exhaust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	exhaust	exhaust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus something=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **use up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **exhaust** | infinitive |  | the supplies |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus supplies=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exhaust is the waste gas that comes out of a car's engine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:m3:1
# text = Exhaust is the waste gas that comes out of a car's engine.
1	Exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Exhaust | the waste gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come out** | present | the waste gas | a car's engine |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient engine=Result |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An exhaust (exhaust pipe) is the pipe at the back of a car that lets out these gases.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:m4:1
# text = An exhaust (exhaust pipe) is the pipe at the back of a car that lets out these gases.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a exhaust | the pipe |  | the back of a car |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let out** | present | a car | this gases |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The long walk exhausted the children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x1:1
# text = The long walk exhausted the children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | past | the long walk | the children |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus child=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was exhausted after the swimming gala.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x2:1
# text = I was exhausted after the swimming gala.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gala	gala	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | past · passive |  | I |  |  | after the swimming gala |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exhaust fumes from cars pollute the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x3:1
# text = Exhaust fumes from cars pollute the air.
1	Exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fumes	fume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	pollute	pollute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pollute** | present | Exhaust fumes from cars | the air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoke came out of the bus's exhaust pipe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x4:1
# text = Smoke came out of the bus's exhaust pipe.
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | Smoke | the bus's exhaust pipe |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient pipe=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers had exhausted their food supply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x5:1
# text = The explorers had exhausted their food supply.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	supply	supply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | past · perfect · passive |  | the explorers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer supply=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We exhausted every idea before asking for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x6:1
# text = We exhausted every idea before asking for help.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | past | We | every idea |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus idea=Experiencer |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't stand behind a car's exhaust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x7:1
# text = Don't stand behind a car's exhaust.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | a car's exhaust |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind exhaust=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running all day is exhausting!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x8:1
# text = Running all day is exhausting!
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	exhausting	exhaust	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **exhaust** | present · progressive | Running |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You are exhausting yourself, king's son," says she.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exhaust:x9:1
# text = "You are exhausting yourself, king's son," says she.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	exhausting	exhaust	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
5	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
12	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** *in a quote* | present · progressive | You | yourself |  |  |  | king's son *vocative* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus yourself=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | she |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [exhale](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/exhale/)
- next →: [exhausted](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/exhausted/)
- ↑ back to [E in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/)