---
title: exist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «exist» in the school dictionary: To be real; to be present in the world or in a place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# exist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dinosaurs, you, aliens, Dodos, Water, Unicorns · **What happens:** be, live, stay, exist, think, not exist · **To what, where:** world, hard way, little food, millions, old castle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«exist» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [exist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/exist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be real; to be present in the world or in a place.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:m1:1
# text = To be real; to be present in the world or in a place.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | real *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the world or a place |  | present *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To live or stay alive, especially in a hard way (to exist on very little food).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:m2:1
# text = To live or stay alive, especially in a hard way (to exist on very little food).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	exist	exist	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a hard way |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **exist** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | little food |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on food=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x1:1
# text = Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | past | Dinosaurs | millions of years |  |  |  | ago *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you think aliens exist?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x2:1
# text = Do you think aliens exist?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **exist** | infinitive | aliens |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dodos no longer exist — they are extinct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x3:1
# text = Dodos no longer exist — they are extinct.
1	Dodos	dodo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	no	no	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | Dodos |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Dodos *= dodo* |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water exists as ice, liquid and steam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x4:1
# text = Water exists as ice, liquid and steam.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | Water |  |  |  |  | as ice and liquid and steam | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unicorns don't exist except in stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x5:1
# text = Unicorns don't exist except in stories.
1	Unicorns	unicorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	except	except	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **exist** | present · do-support | Unicorns |  |  |  |  | except stories | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This old castle has existed for 800 years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x6:1
# text = This old castle has existed for 800 years.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	existed	exist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	800	800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present · perfect · passive |  | this old castle |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants could not exist without sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x7:1
# text = Plants could not exist without sunlight.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **exist** | could | Plants |  |  |  |  | without sunlight | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He could exist here, he said, well enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exist:x8:1
# text = He could exist here, he said, well enough.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
10	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | could | He |  |  | here |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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