---
title: expectoration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «expectoration» in the school dictionary: Expectoration is coughing up and spitting out mucus (phlegm) from the chest and throat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# expectoration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Expectoration, it, doctor, cough syrups, old tram sign · **What happens:** cough up, spit out, be, ask, cough, help · **To what, where:** mucus, chest, formal word, Expectoration, germs, fancy word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«expectoration» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [expectoration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/expectoration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, medical — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Expectoration is coughing up and spitting out mucus (phlegm) from the chest and throat.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:m1:1
# text = Expectoration is coughing up and spitting out mucus (phlegm) from the chest and throat.
1	Expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	coughing	cough	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	spitting	spit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	mucus	mucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	phlegm	phlegm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cough up** | present · progressive | Expectoration |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spit out** | gerund | Expectoration *not said here* | mucus |  | the chest and throat |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mucus=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More generally, it is a formal word for spitting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:m2:1
# text = More generally, it is a formal word for spitting.
1	More	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spitting	spitting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | a formal word |  |  |  | for spitting; generally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor asked about his cough and expectoration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x1:1
# text = The doctor asked about his cough and expectoration.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  | about doctor's cough and expectoration | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about cough=Topic |
| 2 | **cough** |  | doctor |  |  |  |  |  | nom cough «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some cough syrups help with expectoration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x2:1
# text = Some cough syrups help with expectoration.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	syrups	syrup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | some cough syrups |  |  |  |  | with expectoration | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with expectoration=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old tram sign said «Expectoration forbidden».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x3:1
# text = An old tram sign said «Expectoration forbidden».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	tram	tram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a old tram sign | Expectoration |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent expectoration=Topic |
| 2 | **forbid** *in a quote* | participle |  | Expectoration *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Expectoration in public spreads germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x4:1
# text = Expectoration in public spreads germs.
1	Expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	nmod	_	_
4	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Expectoration in public | germs |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location germ=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catch coughs in a tissue to avoid spreading what comes up with expectoration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x5:1
# text = Catch coughs in a tissue to avoid spreading what comes up with expectoration.
1	Catch	catch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	coughs	cough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tissue	tissue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
10	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come up** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with expectoration | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Expectoration is a fancy word for spitting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expectoration:x6:1
# text = Expectoration is a fancy word for spitting.
1	Expectoration	expectoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fancy	fancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spitting	spitting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Expectoration | a fancy word |  |  |  | for spitting | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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