---
title: expend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «expend» in the school dictionary: To use or spend energy, time, effort or money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# expend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** school, you, Birds, energy, rocket, He · **What happens:** use, spend, use up, run, expend, not expend · **To what, where:** energy, lot, 500 dollars, new books, effort, start

<!-- .vabout -->
«expend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [expend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/expend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To use or spend energy, time, effort or money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:m1:1
# text = To use or spend energy, time, effort or money.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	spend	spend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spend** | infinitive |  | energy and time and effort or money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To use up completely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:m2:1
# text = To use up completely.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running expends a lot of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x1:1
# text = Running expends a lot of energy.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	expends	expend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **expend** | present |  | a lot of energy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school expended 500 dollars on new books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x2:1
# text = The school expended 500 dollars on new books.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	expended	expend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expend** | past | the school | 500 dollars |  | new books |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't expend all your effort at the start of the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x3:1
# text = Don't expend all your effort at the start of the race.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	expend	expend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **expend** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your effort |  | the start of the race |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | the race |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds expend energy flying south.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x4:1
# text = Birds expend energy flying south.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	expend	expend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	south	south	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expend** | present | Birds | energy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | energy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | south *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much time was expended on the project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x5:1
# text = Much time was expended on the project.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	expended	expend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expend** | past · passive |  |  |  | the project | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocket expended all its fuel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x6:1
# text = The rocket expended all its fuel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	expended	expend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expend** | past | the rocket | rocket's fuel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He frisked about the meadow, now here, now there, making sprightly leaps, with as little effort as a bird expends in hopping from twig to twig.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expend:x7:1
# text = He frisked about the meadow, now here, now there, making sprightly leaps, with as little effort as a bird expends in hopping from twig to twig.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	frisked	frisk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
14	sprightly	sprightly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	leaps	leap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	expends	expend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
25	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	twig	twig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	twig	twig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frisk** | past | He |  |  |  |  | about the meadow | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **leap** | present | He *not said here* | little effort |  |  |  | sprightly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme effort=Trajectory |
| 4 | **expend** | present | a bird |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hop** | gerund | a bird *not said here* |  |  | twig to twig |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from twig=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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