---
title: expenditure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «expenditure» in the school dictionary: The total amount of money spent. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# expenditure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** expenditure, school, Income, your, weekly expenditure, Her · **What happens:** spend, amount, use up, be, expend, give · **To what, where:** money, energy, 500 dollars, books, savings, 6 dollars

<!-- .vabout -->
«expenditure» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [expenditure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/expenditure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The total amount of money spent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:m1:1
# text = The total amount of money spent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | participle |  | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using up energy, time or effort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:m2:1
# text = Using up energy, time or effort.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use up** | gerund |  | energy and time or effort |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school's expenditure on books was 500 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x1:1
# text = The school's expenditure on books was 500 dollars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the school's expenditure on books | 500 dollars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expend** |  | the school |  |  | books |  |  | nom expenditure «possession transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Income minus expenditure gives your savings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x2:1
# text = Income minus expenditure gives your savings.
1	Income	income	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	minus	minus	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Income minus expenditure | your savings |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent savings=Theme |
| 2 | **save** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her weekly expenditure on snacks is 6 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x3:1
# text = Her weekly expenditure on snacks is 6 dollars.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	weekly	weekly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	snacks	snack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Her weekly expenditure on snacks | 6 dollars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expend** |  | Her *= she* |  |  | snacks |  |  | nom expenditure «possession transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running uses a big expenditure of energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x4:1
# text = Running uses a big expenditure of energy.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present |  | a big expenditure of energy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expenditure=Patient |
| 3 | **expend** |  |  | energy |  |  |  |  | nom expenditure «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council cut its expenditure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x5:1
# text = The council cut its expenditure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | the council | council's expenditure |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset expenditure=Product |
| 2 | **expend** |  | council |  |  |  |  |  | nom expenditure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the total expenditure if 4 tickets cost 12 dollars each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x6:1
# text = Find the total expenditure if 4 tickets cost 12 dollars each.
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* | the total expenditure |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expenditure=Topic |
| 2 | **cost** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | 4 tickets | 12 dollars  each |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sometimes the fair Persian consented to appear at these festivities, but she disapproved of this lavish expenditure, and did not scruple to warn Noureddin of the probable consequences.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:expenditure:x7:1
# text = Sometimes the fair Persian consented to appear at these festivities, but she disapproved of this lavish expenditure, and did not scruple to warn Noureddin of the probable consequences.
1	Sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Persian	Persian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	consented	consent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	festivities	festivity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	disapproved	disapprove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
17	lavish	lavish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	scruple	scruple	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	warn	warn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
26	Noureddin	Noureddin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	consequences	consequence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consent** | past | the fair Persian |  |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **appear** | to-infinitive | the fair Persian *not said here* |  |  | this festivities |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at festivity=Location |
| 3 | **disapprove** | past | Persian |  |  |  |  | of this lavish expenditure | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **scruple** | past · do-support | Persian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **warn** *speech: warn* | to-infinitive | Persian *not said here* |  | Noureddin of the probable consequences |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent noureddin=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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