---
title: exploitation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «exploitation» in the school dictionary: Treating people unfairly to get something from them, for example making them work hard for very little pay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# exploitation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** example, people, you, Victorian factories, exploitation, Fair trade · **What happens:** treat, get, make, work, use, child · **To what, where:** people, something, natural resources, money, most, labour

<!-- .vabout -->
«exploitation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [exploitation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/exploitation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treating people unfairly to get something from them, for example making them work hard for very little pay.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:m1:1
# text = Treating people unfairly to get something from them, for example making them work hard for very little pay.
1	Treating	treat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | gerund |  |  | people |  |  | unfairly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | from people | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent something=Theme from they=Source |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | example | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **work** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for little pay; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for pay=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using natural resources such as coal, oil or forests to make money or energy.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:m2:1
# text = Using natural resources such as coal, oil or forests to make money or energy.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | natural resources |  |  |  | such coal and oil or forests | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resource=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | money or energy |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making the most of a chance or a situation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:m3:1
# text = Making the most of a chance or a situation.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | the most of a chance or a situation |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset most=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Child labour in Victorian factories was a cruel kind of exploitation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x1:1
# text = Child labour in Victorian factories was a cruel kind of exploitation.
1	Child	child	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **child** | imperative | you *not said here* | labour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | Victorian factories |  |  | a cruel kind |  | of exploitation | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exploitation of coal made Britain rich but polluted the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x2:1
# text = The exploitation of coal made Britain rich but polluted the air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	polluted	pollute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the exploitation of coal | Britain |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset britain=Product |
| 2 | **pollute** | past | the exploitation of coal *not said here* | the air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **exploit** |  |  | coal |  |  |  |  | nom exploitation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over-exploitation of the sea has left fewer fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x3:1
# text = Over-exploitation of the sea has left fewer fish.
1	Over-exploitation	over-exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive |  | Over-exploitation of the sea |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme fish=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fair trade aims to stop the exploitation of farmers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x4:1
# text = Fair trade aims to stop the exploitation of farmers.
1	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	aims	aim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aim** | present | Fair trade |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Fair trade *not said here* | the exploitation of farmers |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality exploitation=Eventuality |
| 3 | **exploit** |  |  | farmers |  |  |  |  | nom exploitation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Laws protect children from exploitation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x5:1
# text = Laws protect children from exploitation.
1	Laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Laws |  | children |  |  | from exploitation | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary from exploitation=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The workers protested against their exploitation by the mill owners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exploitation:x6:1
# text = The workers protested against their exploitation by the mill owners.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protested	protest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protest** *speech: disagree* | past | the workers |  |  |  |  | against workers's exploitation; by the mill owners | vn rebel-71.2-2 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent against exploitation=Topic |
| 2 | **exploit** |  | workers *= worker* |  |  |  |  |  | nom exploitation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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