---
title: exposure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «exposure» in the school dictionary: Exposure is being out in cold, wind or weather without protection, which can make you very ill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# exposure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wind, much sun exposure, Early exposure, children, exposure, you · **What happens:** make, be, know, let in, amount, lose · **To what, where:** you, something, amount, light, lost hikers, skin

<!-- .vabout -->
«exposure» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [exposure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/exposure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exposure is being out in cold, wind or weather without protection, which can make you very ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:m1:1
# text = Exposure is being out in cold, wind or weather without protection, which can make you very ill.
1	Exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | wind without protection or weather | you |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being near something harmful or new: «exposure to the sun», «exposure to germs», «exposure to reading».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:m2:1
# text = Being near something harmful or new: «exposure to the sun», «exposure to germs», «exposure to reading».
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | something |  | exposure to the sun and exposure to reading *nmod* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making something hidden known to the public.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:m3:1
# text = Making something hidden known to the public.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to the public | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In photography, the amount of light let in for one picture, or one picture on a film.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:m4:1
# text = In photography, the amount of light let in for one picture, or one picture on a film.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let in** | participle |  | the amount of light *not said here* |  |  |  | for one picture | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for picture=Asset |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | light |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lost hikers were treated for exposure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x1:1
# text = The lost hikers were treated for exposure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **treat** | past · passive |  | the lost hikers |  |  |  | for exposure | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sun exposure can burn your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x2:1
# text = Too much sun exposure can burn your skin.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | can | much sun exposure | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Early exposure to books helps children read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x3:1
# text = Early exposure to books helps children read.
1	Early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Early exposure to books | children |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | infinitive | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper's exposure of the cheat shocked everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x4:1
# text = The newspaper's exposure of the cheat shocked everyone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cheat	cheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	shocked	shock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shock** | past | the newspaper's exposure of the cheat | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a hat to limit exposure to the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x5:1
# text = Wear a hat to limit exposure to the sun.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	limit	limit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |
| 2 | **limit** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | exposure |  |  |  | to the sun. *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer exposure=Patient to sun.=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film camera had 24 exposures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:exposure:x6:1
# text = The film camera had 24 exposures.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	exposures	exposure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the film camera | 24 exposures |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exposure=Patient |

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