---
title: extant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extant» in the school dictionary: Still existing today, especially something very old: the oldest extant painting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** few copies, crocodile, dinosaurs, castle wall, Scientists, oldest extant letter · **What happens:** exist, live, be, copy, list, trace · **To what, where:** oldest extant painting, old book, extant reptile, extant species, museum, them

<!-- .vabout -->
«extant» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Still existing today, especially something very old: the oldest extant painting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:m1:1
# text = Still existing today, especially something very old: the oldest extant painting.
1	Still	still	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
12	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | gerund |  | the oldest extant painting |  |  | still; today |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Still living, not extinct: extant species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:m2:1
# text = Still living, not extinct: extant species.
1	Still	still	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  | still |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a few copies of the old book are extant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x1:1
# text = Only a few copies of the old book are extant.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a few copies of the old book |  |  |  |  | extant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | the old book |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crocodile is an extant reptile, but the dinosaurs are extinct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x2:1
# text = The crocodile is an extant reptile, but the dinosaurs are extinct.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the crocodile | a extant reptile |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is the castle wall still extant?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x3:1
# text = Is the castle wall still extant?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the castle wall |  |  |  | still | extant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists listed the extant species of bears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x4:1
# text = Scientists listed the extant species of bears.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	listed	list	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** | past | Scientists | the extant species of bears |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oldest extant letter is in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x5:1
# text = The oldest extant letter is in the museum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
3	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the oldest extant letter |  |  | the museum |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most kinds of animal that ever lived are no longer extant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x6:1
# text = Most kinds of animal that ever lived are no longer extant.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
7	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | animal |  |  |  | ever |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Most kinds of animal |  |  |  |  | extant, long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We can trace them in Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic MSS., and a few are extant on Buddhist Stupas.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extant:x7:1
# text = We can trace them in Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic MSS., and a few are extant on Buddhist Stupas.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	trace	trace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
12	MSS	MSS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Stupas	stupa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trace** | can | We | them *= they* |  | Latin |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in latin=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | a few |  |  | Buddhist Stupas |  | extant *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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