---
title: extinct — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extinct» in the school dictionary: An extinct animal or plant no longer exists anywhere in the world, because every last one has died. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extinct

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** extinct animal, last one, extinct volcano, family line, Dinosaurs, dodo · **What happens:** exist, die, be, not erupt, use, do · **To what, where:** world, one, extinct custom, living members, dodo, forests

<!-- .vabout -->
«extinct» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extinct in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extinct.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An extinct animal or plant no longer exists anywhere in the world, because every last one has died.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:m1:1
# text = An extinct animal or plant no longer exists anywhere in the world, because every last one has died.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	no	no	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
16	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | a extinct animal or plant |  |  | the world |  | anywhere, long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |
| 2 | **die** | present · perfect | every last one |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An extinct volcano is one that will never erupt again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:m2:1
# text = An extinct volcano is one that will never erupt again.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a extinct volcano | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **erupt** | future |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An extinct custom, job or language is no longer used or done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:m3:1
# text = An extinct custom, job or language is no longer used or done.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | a extinct custom and job or language |  |  |  | long *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A family line that is extinct has no living members left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:m4:1
# text = A family line that is extinct has no living members left.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
9	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a family line |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a family line | no living members |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent member=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | no living members *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x1:1
# text = Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | Dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | for millions of years; extinct *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dodo became extinct because people hunted it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x2:1
# text = The dodo became extinct because people hunted it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the dodo |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hunt** | past | people | dodo |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tigers could go extinct if their forests are cut down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x3:1
# text = Tigers could go extinct if their forests are cut down.
1	Tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | could | Tigers |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cut down** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | Tigers's forests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Edinburgh Castle stands on an extinct volcano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x4:1
# text = Edinburgh Castle stands on an extinct volcano.
1	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Castle	Castle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Edinburgh Castle |  |  | a extinct volcano |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on volcano=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some old languages are now extinct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x5:1
# text = Some old languages are now extinct.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some old languages |  |  |  | now | extinct *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists study fossils to learn about extinct animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x6:1
# text = Scientists study fossils to learn about extinct animals.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Scientists | fossils |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about extinct animals | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about animal=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saving habitats stops animals from going extinct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x7:1
# text = Saving habitats stops animals from going extinct.
1	Saving	save	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	habitats	habitat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | gerund |  | habitats |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habitat=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | present | Saving | animals |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality |
| 3 | **go** | gerund | Saving *not said here* |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The family is extinct, the house has been pulled down, and where it stood is now the stately poultry-house, with gilded weathercocks, and the old Poultry Meg.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinct:x8:1
# text = "The family is extinct, the house has been pulled down, and where it stood is now the stately poultry-house, with gilded weathercocks, and the old Poultry Meg.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	stately	stately	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	poultry	poultry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
28	weathercocks	weathercock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	Poultry	Poultry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	Meg	Meg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the family |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull down** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | the house |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** *in a quote* | past | house |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the extinct stately poultry house and gilded weathercocks and the old Poultry Meg |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **gild** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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