---
title: extinction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extinction» in the school dictionary: When a kind of animal or plant dies out completely, so there are none left anywhere. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extinction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kind, none, Many tigers, Zoos, Pollution, Extinction · **What happens:** die out, be, leave, put out, hunt, face · **To what, where:** Something, dodo, extinction, huge asteroid, dinosaurs, animals

<!-- .vabout -->
«extinction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extinction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extinction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a kind of animal or plant dies out completely, so there are none left anywhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:m1:1
# text = When a kind of animal or plant dies out completely, so there are none left anywhere.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	14	nsubj	_	_
16	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die out** | present | a kind of animal or plant |  |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | anywhere *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something being put out or ended, such as a fire or light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:m2:1
# text = Something being put out or ended, such as a fire or light.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ended	ended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put out** | gerund · passive |  | Something |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dodo was hunted to extinction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x1:1
# text = The dodo was hunted to extinction.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past · passive |  | the dodo |  |  |  | to extinction | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many tigers are facing extinction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x2:1
# text = Many tigers are facing extinction.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	facing	face	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | present · progressive | Many tigers | extinction |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent extinction=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge asteroid may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x3:1
# text = A huge asteroid may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | may · perfect · passive |  | a huge asteroid |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Theme extinction=Eventuality |
| 2 | **extinguish** |  |  | the dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zoos help save animals from extinction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x4:1
# text = Zoos help save animals from extinction.
1	Zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Zoos |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | infinitive | Zoos *not said here* | animals |  | extinction |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent animal=Theme from extinction=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution could push the frogs to extinction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x5:1
# text = Pollution could push the frogs to extinction.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | could | Pollution | the frogs |  | extinction |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent frog=Theme to extinction=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Extinction is forever — the animals never come back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x6:1
# text = Extinction is forever — the animals never come back.
1	Extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | Extinction |  |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **come back** | present | the animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists study fossils to learn about past extinctions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x7:1
# text = Scientists study fossils to learn about past extinctions.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	extinctions	extinction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Scientists | fossils |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about past extinctions | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about extinction=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I did not anticipate this immediate extinction of the species."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinction:x8:1
# text = I did not anticipate this immediate extinction of the species."
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	anticipate	anticipate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **anticipate** | past · do-support | I | this immediate extinction of the species |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent extinction=Theme |
| 2 | **extinguish** |  |  | the species |  |  |  |  | nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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