---
title: extinguish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extinguish» in the school dictionary: To extinguish a fire or light is to put it out so it stops burning or shining. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extinguish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** light, Firefighters, you, fire blanket, bad news, news · **What happens:** extinguish, be, stop, burn, shine, end · **To what, where:** fire, something, blaze, candles, small pan fire, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«extinguish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extinguish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extinguish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To extinguish a fire or light is to put it out so it stops burning or shining.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:m1:1
# text = To extinguish a fire or light is to put it out so it stops burning or shining.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	extinguish	extinguish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
12	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
15	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | to-infinitive |  | a fire or light |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | put *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stop** | present | light |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **burn** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **shine** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To end or destroy something such as hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:m2:1
# text = To end or destroy something such as hope.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	end	end	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **destroy** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | such hope | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firefighters extinguished the blaze in an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x1:1
# text = Firefighters extinguished the blaze in an hour.
1	Firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	blaze	blaze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | past | Firefighters | the blaze |  |  | hour |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blaze=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please extinguish all candles before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x2:1
# text = Please extinguish all candles before bed.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	extinguish	extinguish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | imperative | you *not said here* | all candles |  |  | before bed |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire blanket can extinguish a small pan fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x3:1
# text = A fire blanket can extinguish a small pan fire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	extinguish	extinguish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | can | a fire blanket | a small pan fire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never use water to extinguish an oil fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x4:1
# text = Never use water to extinguish an oil fire.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	extinguish	extinguish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **extinguish** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a oil fire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bad news extinguished her hopes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x5:1
# text = The bad news extinguished her hopes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | past | the bad news | news's hopes |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |
| 2 | **hope** |  | news |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smokers must extinguish cigarettes here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguish:x6:1
# text = Smokers must extinguish cigarettes here.
1	Smokers	smoker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	extinguish	extinguish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	cigarettes	cigarette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | must | Smokers | cigarettes |  | here |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cigarette=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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