---
title: extinguishing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extinguishing» in the school dictionary: Putting out a fire or a light so it stops burning: extinguishing the campfire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extinguishing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** light, Firefighters, We, fire blanket, you, Mum · **What happens:** put out, stop, burn, extinguish, end, destroy · **To what, where:** fire, campfire, something, hope, forest fire, small pan fire

<!-- .vabout -->
«extinguishing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extinguishing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extinguishing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting out a fire or a light so it stops burning: extinguishing the campfire.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:m1:1
# text = Putting out a fire or a light so it stops burning: extinguishing the campfire.
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put out** | gerund |  | a fire or a light |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent fire=Goal |
| 2 | **stop** | present | light |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **burn** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **extinguish** | gerund | light *not said here* | the campfire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent campfire=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ending or destroying something completely: extinguishing all hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:m2:1
# text = Ending or destroying something completely: extinguishing all hope.
1	Ending	end	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	destroying	destroy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **destroy** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 3 | **extinguish** | gerund |  | all hope |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firefighters spent hours extinguishing the forest fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x1:1
# text = Firefighters spent hours extinguishing the forest fire.
1	Firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | Firefighters |  |  |  | hour |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **extinguish** | gerund | Firefighters *not said here* | the forest fire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were extinguishing the campfire with buckets of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x2:1
# text = We were extinguishing the campfire with buckets of water.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	buckets	bucket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | past · progressive | We | the campfire |  |  |  | with buckets of water | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent campfire=Patient with bucket=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire blanket helps in extinguishing a small pan fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x3:1
# text = A fire blanket helps in extinguishing a small pan fire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a fire blanket |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **extinguish** | gerund | a fire blanket *not said here* | a small pan fire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never use water for extinguishing an oil fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x4:1
# text = Never use water for extinguishing an oil fire.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **extinguish** | gerund | you *not said here* | a oil fire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Extinguishing the candles, Mum turned on the lights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x5:1
# text = Extinguishing the candles, Mum turned on the lights.
1	Extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | gerund | Mum *not said here* | the candles |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | past | Mum |  |  | the lights |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on light=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bad news was extinguishing all our hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extinguishing:x6:1
# text = The bad news was extinguishing all our hope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	extinguishing	extinguish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | past · progressive | the bad news | our hope |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |
| 2 | **hope** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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