---
title: extrude — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «extrude» in the school dictionary: To extrude something is to push or squeeze it out through a small opening, often to give it a shape, like toothpaste from a tube. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# extrude

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plastic, 3D printer, Pasta machines, volcano, you, Factories · **What happens:** extrude, be, squeeze out, give, shape, make · **To what, where:** something, it, small opening, opening, industry, shaped hole

<!-- .vabout -->
«extrude» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [extrude in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/extrude.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To extrude something is to push or squeeze it out through a small opening, often to give it a shape, like toothpaste from a tube.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:m1:1
# text = To extrude something is to push or squeeze it out through a small opening, often to give it a shape, like toothpaste from a tube.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	extrude	extrude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	push	push	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	toothpaste	toothpaste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	tube	tube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | push *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **squeeze out** | infinitive |  | it |  | a small opening |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme through opening=Trajectory |
| 4 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | opening |  |  |  | like toothpaste from a tube; often *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient shape=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In industry and technology, to extrude plastic, metal or pasta is to force it through a shaped hole to make long pieces.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:m2:1
# text = In industry and technology, to extrude plastic, metal or pasta is to force it through a shaped hole to make long pieces.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	extrude	extrude	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	force	force	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
23	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | industry and technology |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | plastic and metal or pasta |  |  | a shaped hole |  | force *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | plastic and metal or pasta *not said here* | long pieces |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset piece=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The 3D printer extrudes hot plastic to build the model.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x1:1
# text = The 3D printer extrudes hot plastic to build the model.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	3D	3d	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	extrudes	extrude	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | present | the 3D printer | hot plastic |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plastic=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | the 3D printer *not said here* | the model |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset model=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pasta machines extrude dough into spaghetti.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x2:1
# text = Pasta machines extrude dough into spaghetti.
1	Pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	extrude	extrude	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | present | Pasta machines | dough |  | spaghetti |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dough=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The volcano extruded thick lava.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x3:1
# text = The volcano extruded thick lava.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	extruded	extrude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | past | the volcano | thick lava |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lava=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Squeeze the tube to extrude a line of glue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x4:1
# text = Squeeze the tube to extrude a line of glue.
1	Squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tube	tube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	extrude	extrude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | imperative | you *not said here* | the tube |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tube=Theme |
| 2 | **extrude** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a line of glue |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the drawing program, extrude a square to make a cube.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x5:1
# text = In the drawing program, extrude a square to make a cube.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	extrude	extrude	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cube	cube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | imperative | you *not said here* | a square |  | the drawing program |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent square=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a cube |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cube=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Factories extrude aluminium to make window frames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:extrude:x6:1
# text = Factories extrude aluminium to make window frames.
1	Factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	extrude	extrude	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aluminium	aluminium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	frames	frame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extrude** | present | Factories | aluminium |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aluminium=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Factories *not said here* | window frames |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset frame=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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